Abstract
The importance of understanding and predicting the interactions of oxides with water vapor at high temperatures is demonstrated in this article. Methods for observing volatilization phenomena and identifying the chemical formulae for volatile metal hydroxides are discussed. In addition, techniques for obtaining accurate thermodynamic data for gaseous metal hydroxide species are described. Detailed examples of the stability of the principle structural and/or protective oxides chromia (Cr2O3), silica (SiO2), and alumina (Al2O3) in high-temperature water vapor are included.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
N.S. Jacobson, NASA TP3162 (Washington, D.C.: NASA, 1992).
E.J. Opila and N.S. Jacobson, Fundamental Aspects of High Temperature Corrosion, ed. D.A. Shores, R.A. Rapp, and P.Y. Hou (Pennington, NJ: The Electrochemical Society, Inc., 1997), pp. 269–280.
G.R. Belton and F.D. Richardson, Trans. Faraday Soc., 50 (1962), pp. 1562–1572.
E.J. Opila, J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 82 (3) (1999), pp. 625–636.
E.J. Opila and D.L. Myers, J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 87 (9) (2004), pp. 1701–1705.
Y.-W. Kim and G.R. Belton, Met. Trans., 5 (1974), pp. 1811–1816.
D. Caplan and M. Cohen, J. Electrochem. Soc., 108 (5) (1961), pp. 438–442.
C.S. Tedmon, Jr., J. Electrochem. Soc., 113 (8) (1966), pp. 766–768.
E.J. Opila and R.E. Hann, J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 80 (1) (1997), pp. 197–205.
E.J. Opila, J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 86 (8) (2003), pp. 1238–1248.
J. Drowart and P. Goldfinger, Angewandte Chemie, 6 (7) (1967), pp. 581–596.
D.L. Hildenbrand and K.H. Lau, J. Chem. Phys., 101 (7) (1994), pp. 6076–6079.
D.L. Hildenbrand and K.H. Lau, J. Chem. Phys., 108 (15) (1998), p. 6535.
D.J. Meschi, W.A. Chupka and J. Berkowitz, J. Chem. Phys. 33 (2) (1960), pp. 530–533.
E. Opila, Cer. Eng. & Sci. Proc., 26 (8) (2005), pp. 311–322.
C.A. Stearns et al., NASA TM73720 (Washington, D.C., NASA, 1977).
J.L. Margrave, The Characterization of High Temperature Vapors (New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1967).
U. Merten and W.E. Bell, The Characterzation of High Temperature Vapors ed. J.L. Margrave (New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1967), pp. 91–114.
A. Hashimoto, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta. 56 (1992), pp. 511–532.
N.S. Jacobson et al. J. Chem. Thermo., 37 (2005), pp. 1130–1137.
G.H. Geiger and D.R. Poirier, Transport Phenomena in Metallurgy (Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, 1980), p. 532.
D.R. Gaskell, An Introduction to Transport Phenomena in Materials Engineering (New York: Macmillan Publishing Company, 1992), p. 573.
K.S. Pitzer and L. Brewer, Thermodynamics, 2nd ed. (New York: McGraw Hill Book Company, 1961), ch. 27.
C.F. Melius, M.D. Allendorf, and M.E. Colvin, Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on CVD/EU ROCVD11, ed. M.D. Allendorf and C. Bernard (Pennington, NJ: The Electrochemical Society, Inc., 1997), pp. 1–14.
K. Hilpert et al., J. Electrochem. Soc., 143 (1996), p. 3642.
J. Fergus, Mat. Sci. Eng. A, 397, 271, (2005).
H. Asteman et al., Ox. Met., 52 (1999), p. 95.
A. Yamauchi, K. Kurokawa, and H. Takahashi, Ox. Met., 59 (5/6) (2003), p. 517.
B.B. Ebbinghaus, Combust. Flame, 93 (1993), p. 119.
J. O'Leary, R. Kunz, and T. von Alten, Environ. Prog., 23 (2004), p. 194.
J. Bailey, J. Electrochem. Soc., 144 (1997), p. 3568.
H.C. Graham and H.H. Davis, J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 54 (1971), p. 89.
G.C. Fryburg et al., J. Electrochem. Soc., 124 (1977), p. 1738.
M. Farber and R.D. Srivastava, Combust. Flame, 20 (1973), p. 43.
C. Gindorf, L. Singheiser, and K. Hilpert, J. Phys. Chem. Solids, 66 (2005), p. 384.
C. Gindorf, K. Hilpert, and L. Singheiser, Solid Oxide Fuel Cells VII, ed. H. Yokokawa and S.C. Singhal (Pennington, NJ: The Electrochemical Society Inc., 2001), p. 793.
IVTANTHERMO for Windows, version 3.0, (1992–2003), www.openweb.ru/thermo/index_eng.htm.
Ø. Espelid, K.J. Børve, and V.R. Jense, J. Phys Chem. A, 102 (1998), p. 10414.
E.J. Opila et al., submitted to J. Phys. Chem. A.
J.S. Smialek et al. Adv. Comp. Mater. 8 (1) (1999), pp. 33–45.
H. Klemm, J. Eur. Ceram. Soc., 22 (2002), pp. 2735–2740.
I. Yuri and T. Hisamatsu (Paper GT2002-38886 presented at the ASME Turbo Expo, 2003).
K.L. More et al. (Paper 99-GT-292 presented at the ASME Turbo Expo, 1999).
Z. Yao, J. Stiglich, and T.S. Sudarshan, J. Mat. Eng. Perf., 8 (3) (1999), pp. 291–304.
J.J. Petrovic, Cer. Eng. Sci. Proc., 18 (3) (1997), pp. 3–17.
A. Luttge et al., Eur. J. Mineral., 10 (1998), pp. 385–389.
M.D. Allendorf et al., J. Phys. Chem., 99 (1995), pp. 15285–15293.
E.J. Opila, D.S. Fox, and N.S. Jacobson, J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 80 (4) (1997), pp. 1009–1012.
R.C. Robinson and J.L. Smialek, J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 82 (7) (1999), pp. 1817–1825.
C.L. Darling and H.B. Schlegel, J. Phys. Chem., 97 (1993), pp. 8207–8211.
M.W. Chase, Jr. et al. editors, JANAF Thermochemical Tables, 3rd ed. (New York: American Chemical Society and American Physical Society, 1985).
B.E. Deal and A.S. Grove, J. Appl. Phys., 36 (12) (1965), pp. 3770–3778.
K.N. Lee, Surf. Coating Tech., 133–134 (2000), pp. 1–7.
H.E. Eaton and G.D. Linsey, J. Eur. Ceram. Soc., 22 (2002), pp. 2741–2747.
I. Spitzberg and J. Steibel, Int. J. Appl. Ceram. Technol., 1 (4) (2004), pp. 291–301.
K.N. Lee et al., J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 86 (8) (2003), pp. 1299–1306.
K.N. Lee, D.S. Fox, and N.P. Bansal, J. Eur. Ceram. Soc., 25 (2005), pp. 1705–1715.
R.J. Kerans et al., J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 85 (11) (2002), pp. 2599–2632.
R. Gadow and M. Lischka, Surf. Coating Tech., 151–152 (2002), pp. 392–399.
M.D. Allendorf et al., J. Phys. Chem. A., 106 (2002), pp. 2629–2640.
N.S. Jacobson et al., J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 82 (6) (1999), pp. 1473–1482.
R. Naslain et al., J. Solid State Chem., 177 (2) (2004), pp. 449–456.
M.M. Opeka, I.G. Talmy, and J.A. Zaykoski, J. Mat. Sci., 39 (2004), pp. 58878–58904.
R. Sakidja and J.H. Perepezko, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A: Physical Metallurgy and Materials Science, 36A (3) (2005), pp. 507–514.
V. Behrani et al., Intermetallics, 14 (1) (2006), pp. 24–32.
N.S. Jacobson et al., J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 82 (2) (1999), pp. 393–398.
D. Zhu, N.P. Bansal, and R.A. Miller, NASA/TM-2003-212544, (Washington, D.C.: NASA, 2003).
D. Zhu et al., NASA/TM-2004-213219 (Washington, D.C., NASA, 2004).
O.H. Krikorian, High Temp. High Pressures, 14 (1982), pp. 387–397.
N. Jacobson et al., J. Phys. Chem. Solids, 66 (2005), pp. 471–478.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Opila, E.J., Jacobson, N.S., Myers, D.L. et al. Predicting oxide stability in high-temperature water vapor. JOM 58, 22–28 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-006-0063-3
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-006-0063-3