Zusammenfassung
Die umfassende Untersuchung des Schlafes basiert auf der Polysomnographie. Die ursprüngliche Überwachung auf einem Analogmonitor und einem Papierschreiber wird zunehmend durch computergestützte Systeme abgelöst. Wer heute einen Polysomnographen beurteilen will benötigt zusätzliche Fachkenntnisse, die hier in ihren Grundzügen vermittelt werden. Grundlagen der Biosignalverarbeitung bezogen auf die im Schlaflabor gemessenen Größen werden dargestellt. Eine digitale Polysomnographie erfüllt mehrere Funktionen im Schlaflabor. Diese sind die Funktion des Papierschreibers, des Dokumentationsblattes, der automatischen Schlafauswertung und der automatischen kardiorespiratorischen Auswertung. Ein Konsens mit minimalen Anforderungen an die zeitliche und amplitudenbezogene Auflösung der Signale unter Berücksichtigung internationaler Standards wird vorgestellt. Es werden auch die Anforderungen an die automatische Auswertung des Schlafes, der kardiorespiratorischen Funktion und der Beinbewegungen benannt und die minimal notwendigen Parameter aufgeführt. Im Vergleich zur digitalen Bildverarbeitung können die aufgeführten Empfehlungen mit einem moderaten Aufwand bezogen auf die Gerätetechnik verwirklicht werden.
Summary
Polysomnography is the basis of sleep investigation. Former techniques with analogue monitors and chart writers are nowadays replaced by digital systems. To judge on a modern polysomnographic system requires additional knowledge of which basics are provided in this paper. Therefore basics of biosignal analysis necessary for sleep are given here. A digital polysomnography serves several functions in a sleep laboratory. These are: a chart writer, a documentation of events, an automatic sleep analysis and an automatic analysis of cardiorespiratory signals. A consensus with minimal requirements on time and amplitude resolutions is given taking international standards into consideration. Requirements for an automatic analysis of sleep, of cardiorespiratory function, and of leg movements are named and the minimum set of parameters is defined. Comparing these recommendations with digital image processing the desired needs on technology are moderate and can be realised with adequate efforts.
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Penzel, T., Brandenburg, U., Fischer, J. et al. Empfehlungen zur computergestützten Aufzeichnung und Auswertung von Polygraphien. Somnologie 2, 42–48 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11818-998-0007-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11818-998-0007-y