Abstract
Magnetic fluid micromixers are widely used in medical diagnostic processes, food processing, and biochemical engineering. In the present study, a two-dimensional combined active/passive micromixer was designed and evaluated to perform experimental investigation for 0.1<Re<0.7. The microchannel walls are sinusoidal and a neodymium magnet is placed close to the microchannel. The results demonstrate that the magnetic field improves the mixing quality by 17.5%. It is concluded that the performance of the micromixer with sinusoidal walls is 1.16 times higher than one with a straight channel. The results show that as the volume fraction of magnetic nanoparticles is enhanced, the mixing index is intensified. For instance, the degree of mixing is increased by 24% when the volume fraction enhances from 0.015% to 0.06%. Besides, as the magnet is placed closer to the microchannel, the mixing index is enhanced. The maximum mixing index occurs when the magnet is 13.75 mm from the inlets.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
Abbreviations
- a:
-
horizontal distance of magnets [m]
- B:
-
magnetic flux density distribution [W/m2]
- C:
-
concentration [mol/l]
- d:
-
vertical distance of magnets [m]
- dnp :
-
diameter of nanoparticle [m]
- D:
-
diffusivity coefficient [m2/s]
- Dh :
-
hydraulic diameter [m]
- \({\overrightarrow {\rm{F}} _{ext}}\) :
-
external force [N/m3]
- \({\overrightarrow {\rm{F}} _{mag,\,np}}\) :
-
magnetic force applied to the particle [N/m3]
- h:
-
microchannel height [m]
- H:
-
magnetic field distribution [A/m]
- L:
-
microchannel length [m]
- m:
-
moment on the particle
- M:
-
magnetization
- P:
-
pressure [Pa]
- r:
-
radius [m]
- Rnp :
-
the net rate of production of species
- T:
-
temperature [K]
- u:
-
velocity [m/s]
- Uin :
-
inlet velocity [m/s]
- Vp :
-
volume of the nanoparticle
- x:
-
horizontal coordinate
- y:
-
vertical coordinates
- PDMS:
-
polydimethylsiloxane
- η :
-
mixing efficiency [%]
- φ :
-
volume fraction of nanoparticles
- μ :
-
dynamic viscosity [Pa·s]
- χ :
-
susceptibility
- ρ :
-
density [kg/m3]
- μ r :
-
relative permeability
- μ 0 :
-
vacuum permeability
- f:
-
fluid
- g:
-
gravity
- ff:
-
ferrofluid
- nf:
-
nanofluid
- p:
-
particle
- m:
-
magnetic force
- mag:
-
magnitude
- st:
-
surface tension
References
M. Bayareh, M. N. Ashani and A. Usefian, Chem. Eng. Process., 147, 107771 (2020).
J. Nam, W. S. Jang and C. S. Lim, Sens. Actuators B Chem., 258, 991 (2018).
A. Usefian and M. Bayareh, Meccanica, 54, 1149 (2019).
X. Huo and X. Chen, J. Dispers. Sci. Technol., 42, 1469 (2020).
A. Usefian, M. Bayareh and A. Ahmadi Nadooshan, J. Heat Mass Trans. Res., 6(1), 56 (2019).
E.-S. Shanko, Y. van de Burgt, P. D. Anderson and J. M. den Toonder, Micromachines, 10, 731 (2019).
A. Munaz, M. J. Shiddiky and N.-T. Nguyen, Biomicrofluidics, 12, 031501 (2018).
M. Hejazian, D.-T. Phan and N.-T. Nguyen, RSC Adv., 6, 62439 (2016).
M. Hejazian and N.-T. Nguyen, Micromachines, 8, 37 (2017).
X. Wang, Z. Wang, V. B. Varma, Z. Wang, A. Ray and W. S. Lew, IEEE Magn. Lett, 7, 1 (2016).
C. Y. Wen, C. P. Yeh, C. H. Tsai and L. M. Fu, Electrophoresis, 30, 4179 (2009).
Y. He, L. Luo and S. Huang, Int. J. Mod. Phys. B, 33, 1950047 (2019).
A. Munir, J. Wang, Z. Zhu and H. S. Zhou, IEEE Trans. Nanotechnol., 10, 953 (2010).
M. Saadat, M. Ghassemi and M. B. Shafii, Energy Sources A: Recovery Util. Environ. Eff., 42, 1 (2020).
N. Azimi, M. Rahimi and N. Abdollahi, Chem. Eng. Process., 97, 12 (2015).
D. Nouri, A. Zabihi-Hesari and M. Passandideh-Fard, Sens. Actuators A Phys., 255, 79 (2017).
G.-P. Zhu and N.-T. Nguyen, Lab Chip, 12, 4772 (2012).
C.-Y. Lee, W.-T. Wang, C.-C. Liu and L.-M. Fu, Chem. Eng. J., 288, 146 (2016).
M. Khosravi Parsa, F. Hormozi and D. Jafari, Comput. Fluids, 105, 82 (2014).
S. Hossain, M. Ansari and K.-Y. Kim, Chem. Eng. J., 150, 492 (2009).
M. U. Javaid, T. A. Cheema and C. W. Park, Micromachines, 9, 8 (2018).
A. Usefian and M. Bayareh, Meccanica, 55, 1025 (2020).
A. Afzal and K.-Y. Kim, Sens. Actuators B Chem., 211, 198 (2015).
B. Mondal, S. K. Mehta, P. K. Patowari and S. Pati, Chem. Eng. Process., 136, 44 (2019).
A. Kausar, F. Sher, A. Hazafa, A. Javed, M. Sillanpää and M. Iqbal, Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 161, 1272 (2020).
T. Rashid, D. Iqbal, A. Hazafa, S. Hussain, F. Sher and F. Sher, J. Environ. Chem. Eng., 8, 104023 (2020).
T. Rasheed, S. Shafi, M. Bilal, T. Hussain, F. Sher and K. Rizwan, J. Mol. Liq., 318, 113960 (2020).
T. Rasheed, A. A. Hassan, F. Kausar, F. Sher, M. Bilal and H. M. N. Iqbal, TrAC Trend. Anal. Chem., 132, 116066 (2020).
J. Wu, Y. Cui, S. Xuan and X. Gong, Microlluid. Nanolluid., 22, 103 (2018).
D. Bahrami, S. Abbasian-Naghneh, A. Karimipour and A. Karimipour, Math. Methods Appl. Sci., 43, 1 (2020).
H. Brinkman, J. Chem. Phys., 20, 571 (1952).
C. Y. Wen, K. P. Liang, H. Chen and L. M. Fu, Electrophoresis, 32, 3268 (2011).
Q. Cao, X. Han and L. Li, Int. J. Appl. Electromagn. Mech., 47, 583 (2015).
M. Nazari, S. Rashidi and J. A. Esfahani, Int. Commun. Heat Mass Transf., 108, 104293 (2019).
D. S. Bhandari, D. Tripathi and V. K. Narla, Eur. Phys. J. Plus, 135(11), 1 (2020).
K. Ramesh, D. Tripathi, M. M. Bhatti and C. M. Khalique, J. Mol. Liq., 314, 113568 (2020).
N. S. Akbar, A. B. Huda, M. B. Habib and D. Tripathi, Microsyst. Technol., 25, 283 (2019).
M. Bayareh, Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng., Part C (2020).
A. Shiriny and M. Bayareh, Chem. Eng. Sci., 229, 116102 (2020).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Bahrami, D., Nadooshan, A.A. & Bayareh, M. Effect of non-uniform magnetic field on mixing index of a sinusoidal micromixer. Korean J. Chem. Eng. 39, 316–327 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-021-0932-z
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-021-0932-z