Abstract
To entrench heavy metal chelation functional groups, native corn starch was grafted with acrylonitrile and subsequently hydrolyzed (using sodium hydroxide) to produce chemically crosslinked superabsorbent hydrogels (SAHs) of three-dimensional hydrophilic polymeric networks. SAHs demonstrated fast swelling and superabsorbent properties, with a swelling capacity of 612 g water/g SAHs. Due to the usefulness of equilibrium and kinetic data for elucidating the nature of adsorbate-adsorbent interaction, the adsorption study was extensively modelled using selected nonlinear isotherm and kinetics models. The Toth and intraparticle diffusion models satisfactorily predicted the isotherm and kinetic data, respectively, while the dominance of the metal complexation mechanism was asserted in the study. Meanwhile, the metal ion uptake by SAHs occurred at a fast equilibration time of 20 min. Furthermore, the adsorbent’s instrumental characterization (scanning electron microscopy, SEM; Energy dispersion X-ray, EDX; X-ray diffraction, XRD and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, FTIR) result confirmed that SAHs possesses the desired metal chelation properties. Thus, the potential application of the developed SAHs as biosorbent in the decontamination of the heavy metal-laden stream was explicitly demonstrated in the study.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Explore related subjects
Discover the latest articles, news and stories from top researchers in related subjects.Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
M. G. Sajilata, R. S. Singhal and P. R. Kulkarni, Comprehensive Rev. Food Sci. Food Saf., 5(1), 1 (2006).
R. F. Tester, J. Karkalas and X. Qi, J. Cereal Sci., 39(2), 151 (2004).
H. Ismail, M. Irani and Z. Ahmad, Int. J. Polym. Mater. Polym. Biomater., 62(7), 411 (2013).
E. M. Ahmed, J. Adv. Res., 6(2), 105 (2015).
A. Smart B. de Lacy Costello, P. White, M. Avison, C. Batty, C. Turner, R. Persad and N. Ratcliffe, J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 167, 59 (2019).
A. Hashem, A. Fletcher, H. Younis, H. Mauof and A. Abou-Okeil, Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 164, 3193 (2020).
A. Hashem, S. Badawy, S. Farag, L. Mohamed, A. Fletcher and G. Taha, J. Environ. Chem. Eng., 8(4), 103966 (2020).
S. Zaccaron, U. Henniges, A. Potthast and T. Rosenau, Carbohydr. Polym., 240, 116251 (2020).
A. Hashem, A. Azzeer and A. Ayoub, Polym.-Plast. Technol. Eng., 49(14), 1463 (2010).
A. Hashem, A. Fletcher, M. El-Sakhawy, L. A. Mohamed and S. Farag, J. Polym. Environ., 28(9), 2498 (2020).
G. Yan, B. Chen, X. Zeng, Y. Sun, X. Tan and L. Lin, Carbohydr. Polym., 244, 116492 (2020).
E. S. Abdel-Halim and A. A. Al-Hoqbani, BioResources, 10(2), 3112 (2015).
A. Hashem, H. A. Hussein, M. A. Sanousy, E. Adam and E. E. Saad, Polym.-Plast. Technol. Eng., 50(12), 1220 (2011).
F. Gao, D. Li, C.-h. Bi, Z.-h. Mao and B. Adhikari, Carbohydr. Polym., 103, 310 (2014).
C. Noè, C. Tonda-Turo, A. Chiappone, M. Sangermano and M. Hakkarainen, Polymers, 12(6), 1359 (2020).
C. O. Aniagor and M. C. Menkiti, Sigma, 38(3), 1073 (2020).
A. Hashem, A. Abou-Okeil, A. El-Shafle and M. El-Sakhawy, Polym.-Plast. Technol. Eng., 45(1), 135 (2006).
A. Hashem, Polym.-Plast. Technol. Eng., 45(1), 35 (2006).
A. Hashem, E. Abdel-Halim, K. F. El-Tahlawy and A. Hebeish, Adsorpt. Sci. Technol., 23(5), 367 (2005).
A. Hashem, M. Afifi, E. El-Alfy and A. Hebeish, Am. J. Appl. Sci., 2(3), 614 (2005).
A. Hashem, A. Al-Anwar, N. M. Nagy, D. M. Hussein and S. Eisa, Green Processing and Synthesis, 5(2), 213 (2016).
L. Ekebafe, D. Ogbeifun and F. Okieimen, African J. Environ. Sci. Technol., 6(7), 275 (2012).
M. Dai, Y. Liu, B. Ju and Y. Tian, Bioresour. Technol., 294, 122192 (2019).
F. N. Muya, C. E. Sunday, P. Baker and E. Iwuoha, Water Sci. Technol., 73(5), 983 (2016).
S. N. Basri, N. Zainuddin, K. Hashim and N. A. Yusof, Carbohydr. Polym., 138, 34 (2016).
G. Güçlü, E. Al, S. Emik, T. B. İyim, S. Özgümüş and M. Özyürek, Polym. Bull., 65(4), 333 (2010).
Z. S. Pour and M. Ghaemy, RSC Adv., 5(79), 64106 (2015).
J. Kuang, K. Y. Yuk and K. M. Huh, Carbohydr. Polym., 83(1), 284 (2011).
C. Wang, X. Li, J. Chen, G. Fei, H. Wang and Q. Liu, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 122(4), 2630 (2011).
M. Weaver, R. Montgomery, L. Miller, V. Sohns, G. Fanta and W. Doane, Starch-Stärke, 29(12), 413 (1977).
N. Taylor and E. Bagley, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 18(9), 2747 (1974).
C. O. Aniagor, C. A. Igwegbe, J. O. Ighalo and S. N. Oba, J. Mol. Liq., 334, 116124 (2021).
S. N. Oba, J. O. Ighalo, C. O. Aniagor and C. A. Igwegbe, Sci. Total Environ., 780, 146608 (2021).
E. S. Abdel-Halim, React. Funct. Polym., 73(11), 1531 (2013).
C. Aniagor and M. Menkiti, Appl. Water Sci., 9(4), 77 (2019).
Y.-S. Ho and G. McKay, Process Biochem., 34(5), 451 (1999).
W. J. Weber and J. C. Morris, J. Sanitary Eng. Div., 89(2), 31 (1963).
C. Aniagor and M. Menkiti, J. Environ. Chem. Eng., 6(2), 2105 (2018).
A. Hashem, M. Sanousy, L. A. Mohamed, P. U. Okoye and B. Hameed, J. Polym. Environ., 29(1), 304 (2020).
K. Vijayaraghavan, T. Padmesh, K. Palanivelu and M. Velan, J. Hazard. Mater., 133(1–3), 304 (2006).
I. Langmuir, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 38(11), 2221 (1916).
A. W. Adamson and A. P. Gast, Physical chemistry of surfaces, Vol. 150, Interscience publishers New York (1967).
M. Radushkevich, Phys. Chem. Sect, 55, 331 (1947).
A. Günay, E. Arslankaya and I. Tosun, J. Hazard. Mater., 146(1–2), 362 (2007).
A. Dąbrowski, Adv. Colloid Interface Sci., 93(1–3), 135 (2001).
M. Dubinin, Chem. Rev., 60(2), 235 (1960).
M. Temkin, Acta Physiochim. URSS, 12, 327 (1940).
N. Ayawei, A. N. Ebelegi and D. Wankasi, J. Chem., 2017, Article ID 3039817 (2017).
N. Ayawei, A. Ekubo, D. Wankasi and E. Dikio, Oriental J. Chem., 31(3), 1307 (2015).
R. Farouq and N. Yousef, Int. J. Chem. Eng. Appl., 6(5), 319 (2015).
H. Freundlich, Z. für Physikalische Chem., 57(1), 385 (1907).
J. Toth, Acta Chim. Hung., 69, 311 (1971).
Y. Ho, J. Porter and G. McKay, Water, Air, Soil Pollut., 141(1–4), 1 (2002).
M. Menkiti and C. Aniagor, Arabian J. Sci. Eng., 43(5), 2375 (2018).
O. Redlich and D. L. Peterson, J. Phys. Chem., 63(6), 1024 (1959).
R. K. Prasad and S. Srivastava, Chem. Eng. J., 146(1), 90 (2009).
J. Ng, W. Cheung and G. McKay, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 255(1), 64 (2002).
F. Gimbert, N. Morin-Crini, F. Renault, P.-M. Badot and G. Crini, J. Hazard. Mater., 157(1), 34 (2008).
L. Jossens, J. Prausnitz, W. Fritz, E. Schlünder and A. Myers, Chem. Eng. Sci., 33(8), 1097 (1978).
K. V. Kumar and S. Sivanesan, J. Hazard. Mater., 136(3), 721 (2006).
M. Menkiti, M. Abonyi and C. Aniagor, Water Conservation Sci. Eng., 3(3), 205 (2018).
D. W. Marquardt, J. Soc. Ind. Appl. Mathematics, 11(2), 431 (1963).
U. Khair, H. Fahmi, S. Al Hakim and R. Rahim, J. Phys. Conf. Ser., 930(1), 012002 (2017).
A. Kapoor and R. Yang, Gas Sep. Purif., 3(4), 187 (1989).
F. Rivas, F. Bertrán, O. Gimeno, J. Frades and F. Carvalho, J. Hazard. Mater., 131(1–3), 170 (2006).
A.-R. Xu, L. Chen, X. Guo, Z. Xiao and R. Liu, Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 115, 846 (2018).
M. Singanan and E. Peters, J. Environ. Chem. Eng., 1(4), 884 (2013).
S. Zhuang, K. Zhu and J. Wang, J. Cleaner Prod., 285, 124911 (2020).
M. Menkiti, C. Aniagor, C. Agu and V. Ugonabo, Water Conservation Sci. Eng., 3(1), 33 (2018).
N. Kannan and M. M. Sundaram, Dyes Pigm., 51(1), 25 (2001).
K. Y. Foo and B. H. Hameed, Chem. Eng. J., 156(1), 2 (2010).
M. Abonyi, C. Aniagor and M. Menkiti, Arabian J. Sci. Eng., 44(12), 10017 (2019).
A. Dada, A. Olalekan, A. Olatunya and O. Dada, IOSR J. Appl. Chem., 3(1), 38 (2012).
G. Wang, Q. Chang, M. Zhang and X. Han, React. Funct. Polym., 73(11), 1439 (2013).
M. Jiang, W. Yang, Z. Zhang, Z. Yang and Y. Wang, J. Environ. Sci., 31, 226 (2015).
X. Liu, Z.-Q. Chen, B. Han, C.-L. Su, Q. Han and W.-Z. Chen, Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf., 150, 251 (2018).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Additional information
Data Availability Statement
The raw/processed data required to reproduce these findings cannot be shared at this time as the data also forms part of an ongoing study.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Hashem, A., Aniagor, C.O., Afifi, M.AF. et al. Synthesis of super-absorbent poly(AN)-g-starch composite hydrogel and its modelling for aqueous sorption of cadmium ions. Korean J. Chem. Eng. 38, 2157–2170 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-021-0856-7
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-021-0856-7