Abstract
Activated carbon (AC) was synthesized from Phoenix dactylifera stones and then modified by CoFe2O4 magnetic nanocomposite for use as a Cr(VI) adsorbent. Both AC/CoFe2O4 composite and AC were fully characterized by FTIR, SEM, XRD, TEM, TGA, and VSM techniques. Based on the surface analyses, the addition of CoFe2O4 nanoparticles had a significant effect on the thermal stability and crystalline structure of AC. Factors affecting chromium removal efficiency like pH, dosage, contact time, temperature, and initial Cr(VI) concentration were investigated. The best pH was found 2 and 3 for Cr adsorption by AC and AC/CoFe2O4 composite, respectively. The presence of ion sulfate had a greater effect on the chromium sorption efficiency than nitrate and chlorine ions. The results illustrated that both adsorbents can be used up to seven times to adsorb chromium. The adsorption process was examined by three isothermal models, and Freundlich was chosen as the best one. The experimental data were well fitted by pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The half-life (t1/2) of hexavalent chromium using AC and AC/CoFe2O4 magnetic composite was obtained as 5.18 min and 1.52 min, respectively. Cr(VI) adsorption by AC and AC/CoFe2O4 magnetic composite was spontaneous and exothermic. In general, our study showed that the composition of CoFe2O4 magnetic nanoparticles with AC can increase the adsorption capacity of AC from 36mg/L to 70mg/L.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Explore related subjects
Discover the latest articles, news and stories from top researchers in related subjects.Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
X. Jiang, Q.-D. An, Z.-Y. Xiao, S.-R. Zhai and Z. Shi, Mater. Res. Bull., 102, 218 (2018).
M. Ahmadi, E. Kouhgardi and B. Ramavandi, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 33, 2589 (2016).
H. Liu, Z. Wang, H. Li, H. Wang and R. Yu, Mater. Res. Bull., 100, 302 (2018).
J. Yu, C. Jiang, Q. Guan, P. Ning, J. Gu, Q. Chen, J. Zhang and R. Miao, Chemosphere, 195, 632 (2018).
C. Sakulthaew, C. Chokejaroenrat, A. Poapolathep, T. Satapanajaru and S. Poapolathep, Chemosphere, 184, 1168 (2017).
R. Jobby, P. Jha, A. K. Yadav and N. Desai, Chemosphere, 207, 255 (2018).
J. Zhou, Y. Wang, J. Wang, W. Qiao, D. Long and L. Ling, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 462, 200 (2016).
N. Ranjbar, S. Hashemi, B. Ramavandi and M. Ravanipour, Environ. Prog. Sustain. Energy (2018), https://doi.org/10.1002/ep.12854.
E. I. Basaldella, P. G. Vázquez, F. Iucolano and D. Caputo, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 313, 574 (2007).
Y. Zhao, S. Yang, D. Ding, J. Chen, Y. Yang, Z. Lei, C. Feng and Z. Zhang, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 395, 198 (2013).
W. Yu, L. Zhang, H. Wang and L. Chai, J. Hazard. Mater., 260, 789 (2013).
W. Wang, Chemosphere, 190, 97 (2018).
I. Enniya, L. Rghioui and A. Jourani, Sustain Chem. Pharm., 7, 9 (2018).
S. Norouzi, M. Heidari, V. Alipour, O. Rahmanian, M. Fazlzadeh, F. Mohammadi-moghadam, H. Nourmoradi, B. Goudarzi and K. Dindarloo, Bioresour. Technol., 258, 48 (2018).
L. Niazi, A. Lashanizadegan and H. Sharififard, J. Clean Prod., 185, 554 (2018).
M. S. Gaikwad and C. Balomajumder, Chemosphere, 184, 1141 (2017).
K.K. Senapati, C. Borgohain and P. Phukan, J. Mol. Catal. A, 339, 24 (2011).
V. Srivastava, T. Kohout and M. Sillanpää, J. Environ. Chem. Eng., 4, 2922 (2016).
C. Wan and J. Li, Carbohyd. Polym., 134, 144 (2015).
T.G. Glover, D. Sabo, L. A. Vaughan, J. A. Rossin and Z. J. Zhang, Langmuir, 28, 5695 (2012).
W. Qiu, D. Yang, J. Xu, B. Hong, H. Jin, D. Jin, X. Peng, J. Li, H. Ge and X. Wang, J. Alloys Compd., 678, 179 (2016).
T.M. Darweesh and M. J. Ahmed, Environ. Toxicol. Phar., 50, 159 (2017).
D. Pathania, A. Sharma and Z.-M. Siddiqi, J. Mol. Liq., 219, 359 (2016).
Y. Gao, Q. Yue, B. Gao, Y. Sun, W. Wang, Q. Li and Y. Wang, Chem. Eng. J., 232, 582 (2013).
S. Ayyappan, S. Mahadevan, P. Chandramohan, M. Srinivasan, J. Philip and B. Raj, J. Phys. Chem. C, 114, 6334 (2010).
M. Rai, G. Shahi, V. Meena, R. Meena, S. Chakraborty, R. Singh and B. Rai, Resource-Efficient Technol., 2, S63 (2016).
Q.-Q. Zhong, Q.-Y. Yue, Q. Li, B.-Y. Gao and X. Xu, Carbohyd. Polym., 111, 788 (2014).
W.M. Ibrahim, A. F. Hassan and Y. A. Azab, Egypt. J. Basic Appl. Sci., 3, 241 (2016).
A. F. Hassan and A.M. Youssef, Carbon Let., 15, 57 (2014).
M. López-López, J. Durán, A. Delgado and F. González-Caballero, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 291, 144 (2005).
R. Fu, Y. Liu, Z. Lou, Z. Wang, S.A. Baig and X. Xu, J. Taiwan Inst. Chem. Eng., 62, 247 (2016).
S. Li, L. Liu, Y. Yu, G. Wang, H. Zhang and A. Chen, J. Alloys Compd., 698, 20 (2017).
R. Foroutan, R. Mohammadi and B. Ramavandi, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 35, 234 (2018).
R. Nithya, T. Gomathi, P. Sudha, J. Venkatesan, S. Anil and S.-K. Kim, Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 87, 545 (2016).
R. Foroutan, F. S. Khoo, B. Ramavandi and S. Abbasi, Desalin. Water Treat., 82, 146 (2017).
B. Naeimi, R. Foroutan, B. Ahmadi, F. Sadeghzadeh and B. Ramavandi, Mater. Res. Exp., 5, 045501 (2018).
M. Vieira, A. A. Neto, M. Gimenes and M. Da Silva, J. Hazard. Mater., 177, 362 (2010).
V. Singh, A. Sharma, D. Tripathi and R. Sanghi, J. Hazard. Mater., 161, 955 (2009).
O. Acisli, A. Khataee, S. Karaca and M. Sheydaei, Ultrason. Sonochem., 31, 116 (2016).
M. Ghaedi, A. G. Nasab, S. Khodadoust, M. Rajabi and S. Azizian, J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 20, 2317 (2014).
M. Gheju, I. Balcu and G. Mosoarca, J. Hazard. Mater., 310, 270 (2016).
S. Barnie, J. Zhang, H. Wang, H. Yin and H. Chen, Chemosphere, 212, 209 (2018).
Z. Ding, W. Wang, Y. Zhang, F. Li and J. P. Liu, J. Alloys Compd., 640, 362 (2015).
I. Langmuir, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 40, 1361 (1918).
R. Foroutan, H. Esmaeili, S.D. Rishehri, F. Sadeghzadeh, S. Mirahmadi, M. Kosarifard and B. Ramavandi, Data in Brief, 12, 485 (2017).
M. H. Fatehi, J. Shayegan, M. Zabihi and I. Goodarznia, J. Environ. Chem. Eng., 5, 1454 (2017).
H. Freundlich, Z. Phys. Chem., 57, 385 (1907).
B. Ramavandi, A. Rahbar and S. Sahebi, Desal. Water Treat., 57, 23814 (2016).
A. Teimouri, H. Esmaeili, R. Foroutan and B. Ramavandi, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 35, 479 (2018).
S. Rangabhashiyam and N. Selvaraju, J. Mol. Liq., 207, 39 (2015).
V. Marjanovic, S. Lazarevic, I. Jankovic-Castvan, B. Jokic, D. Janackovic and R. Petrovic, Appl. Clay Sci., 80, 202 (2013).
S. Rajput, C.U. Pittman Jr. and D. Mohan, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 468, 334 (2016).
A. Maleki, B. Hayati, M. Naghizadeh and S.W. Joo, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 28, 211 (2015).
Y. Xiao, H. Liang and Z. Wang, Mater. Res. Bull., 48, 3910 (2013).
S. Periyasamy and N. Viswanathan, New J. Chem., 42, 3371 (2018).
M. Liu, T. Wen, X. Wu, C. Chen, J. Hu, J. Li and X. Wang, Dalton Trans., 42, 14710 (2013).
X. Zhang, L. Lv, Y. Qin, M. Xu, X. Jia and Z. Chen, Bioresour. Technol., 256, 1 (2018).
H. Uslu, D. Datta and S. Azizian, J. Mol. Liq., 215, 449 (2016).
A. Aid, S. Amokrane, D. Nibou, E. Mekatel, M. Trari and V. Hulea, Water Sci. Technol., 77, 60 (2018).
S. I. Rathnayake, W. N. Martens, Y. Xi, R. L. Frost and G. A. Ayoko, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 490, 163 (2017).
R.A. Abu-Zurayk, R. Z. Al Bakain, I. Hamadneh and A. H. Al-Dujaili, Int. J. Miner. Proces, 140, 79 (2015).
R. Kumar, S.-J. Kim, K.-H. Kim, S.-h. Lee, H.-S. Park and B.-H. Jeon, Appl. Geochem., 88, 113 (2018).
P. Maneechakr and S. Karnjanakom, J. Chem. Thermodyn., 106, 104 (2017).
J. Yang, M. Yu and W. Chen, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 21, 414 (2015).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Foroutan, R., Mohammadi, R., Ramavandi, B. et al. Removal characteristics of chromium by activated carbon/CoFe2O4 magnetic composite and Phoenix dactylifera stone carbon. Korean J. Chem. Eng. 35, 2207–2219 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-018-0145-2
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-018-0145-2