Abstract
We report the effect of temperature on the extent of graphene oxide reduction by hydrazine and the dispersibility of the resulting chemically converted graphene (CCG) in polar organic solvents. The extent of graphene oxide reduction at high temperatures was only slightly higher than at low temperatures (30–50 °C), while the dispersibility of the resulting CCG in organic solvents decreased markedly with increasing temperature. The low dispersibility of CCGs prepared at high temperatures was greatly affected by reduction and influenced by the formation of an irreversible agglomerate of CCG at high temperatures. The reduction of graphene oxide at low temperatures is necessary to prepare highly dispersible CCG in organic solvents. CCG prepared at 30 °C is dispersible in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone concentrations as high as 0.71 mg/mL. The free-standing paper made of this CCG possessed an electrical conductivity of more than 22,000 S/m, one of the highest values ever reported.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Explore related subjects
Discover the latest articles, news and stories from top researchers in related subjects.Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
A. K. Geim and K. S. Novoselov, Nat. Mater., 6, 183 (2007).
S. Park and R. S. Ruoff, Nat. Nanotechnol., 4, 217 (2009).
Y. Zhu, S. Murali, W. Cai, X. Li, J.W. Suk, J. R. Potts and R. S. Ruoff, Adv. Mater., 22, 3906 (2010).
J. R. Potts, D. R. Dreyer, C.W. Bielawski and R. S. Ruoff, Polymer, 52, 5 (2011).
P. V. Kamat, J. Phys. Chem. Lett., 2, 242 (2011).
D. Wei and Y. Liu, Adv. Mater., 22, 3225 (2010).
C. Soldano, A. Mahmood and E. Dujardin, Carbon, 48, 2127 (2010).
V. H. Pham, T.V. Cuong, T. T. Dang, S. H. Hur, B. S. Kong, E. J. Kim and J. S. Chung, J. Mater. Chem., DOI:10.1039/C1JM11146A.
S. Stankovich, D. A. Dikin, R. D. Piner, K. A. Kohlhaas, A. Kleinhammes, Y. Jia, Y. Wu, S.-B. T. Nguyen and R. S. Ruoff, Carbon, 45, 1558 (2007).
D. Li, M. B. Müller, S. Gilje, R. B. Kaner and G.G. Wallace, Nat. Nanotechnol., 3, 101 (2008).
S. Park, J. An, I. Jung, R. D. Piner, S. J. An, X. Li, A. Velamakanni and R. S. Ruoff, Nano Lett., 9, 1593 (2009).
V. C. Tung, M. J. Allen, Y. Yang and R. B. Kaner, Nat. Nanotechnol., 4, 25 (2009).
Y. Liang, D. Wu, X. Feng and K. Müllen, Adv. Mater., 21, 1679 (2009).
J.R. Lomeda, C.D. Doyle, D.V. Kosynkin, W.-F. Hwang and J.M. Tour, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 130, 16201 (2008).
S. Villar-Rodil, J. I. Paredes, A. Martínez-Alonso and M. D. Tascón, J. Mater. Chem., 19, 3591 (2009).
V. H. Pham, T.V. Cuong, T.-D. Nguyen-Phan, H. D. Pham, E. J. Kim, S.H. Hur, E.W. Shin, S. Kim and J. S. Chung, Chem. Comm., 46, 4375 (2010).
Z. Luo, Y. Lu, L.A. Somers and A.T.C. Johnson, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 131, 898 (2009).
H.-J. Shin, K.K. Kim, A. Benayad, S.-M. Yoon, H. K. Park, I.-S. Jung, M. H. Jin, H.-K. Jeong, J.M. Kim, J.Y. Choi and Y. H. Lee, Adv. Funct. Mater., 19, 1987 (2009).
I. K. Moon, J. Lee, R. S. Ruoff and H. Lee, Nat. Commun., 1, 73 (2010).
W. Chen, L. Yan and P. R. Bangal, J. Phys. Chem. C, 114, 19885 (2010).
C. M. Hansen, Hansen solubility parameters: A user handbook, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL (2000).
R. C. Dougherty, J. Chem. Phys., 109, 7372 (1998).
C.-Y. Su, Y. Xu, W. Zhang, J. Zhao, X. Tang, C.-H. Tsai and L.-J. Li, Chem. Mater., 21, 5674 (2009).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Pham, V.H., Dang, T.T., Cuong, T.V. et al. Synthesis of highly concentrated suspension of chemically converted graphene in organic solvents: Effect of temperature on the extent of reduction and dispersibility. Korean J. Chem. Eng. 29, 680–685 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-011-0232-0
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-011-0232-0