Abstract
This paper presents a comprehensive experimental study on the effect of extreme waves on a LNG carrier. The LNG carrier model was equipped with a variety of sensors to measure motions, green water height on deck as well as local and global loads. Experiments in transient wave packets provided the general performance in waves in terms of response amplitude operators and were accompanied by tests in regular waves with two different wave steepness. These tests allowed detailed insights into the nonlinear behavior of the vertical wave bending moment in steep waves showing that green water on deck can contribute to a decrease of vertical wave bending moment. Afterwards, systematic model tests in irregular waves were performed to provide the basis for statistical analysis. It is shown that the generalized extreme value distribution model is suitable for the estimation of the extreme peak values of motions and loads. Finally, model tests in tailored extreme wave sequences were conducted comparing the results with the statistical analysis. For this purpose, analytical breather solutions of the nonlinear Schrödinger equation were applied to generate tailored extreme waves of certain critical wave lengths in terms of ship response. Besides these design extreme waves, the LGN carrier was also investigated in the model scale reproduction of the real-world Draupner wave. By comparing the motions, vertical wave bending moment, green water column and slamming pressures it is concluded that the breather solutions are a powerful and efficient tool for the generation of design extreme waves of certain critical wave lengths for wave/structure investigations on different subjects.
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Article Highlights
• A comprehensive experimental study on the impact of extreme waves on a LNG carrier is presented in terms of the ship motions, vertical bending moments (VBM), green water heights, and slamming loads.
• The model tests in regular waves show that the green water on deck causes the decrease of VBM for wave lengthip length = 1.1.
• The nonlinear behavior in higher, steeper waves can be investigated systematically in regular waves.
• The statistical analysis for irregular wave tests shows that the GEV distribution model is suitable for the estimation of the extreme peak values of motions and loads.
• The statistical analysis for Draupner extreme wave tests shows that the analytical breather solutions are good alternatives for the real work freak waves in the investigation of ship motions and loads.
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Klein, M., Wang, S., Clauss, G. et al. Experimental Study on the Effect of Extreme Waves on a LNG Carrier. J. Marine. Sci. Appl. 22, 52–74 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11804-023-00321-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11804-023-00321-1