Abstract
The development of an innovative structural system with satisfactory seismic performance of braced systems is an important and challenging area of interest in structural engineering. In this paper, a device that can release the compressive force in the bracing members is developed, and its performance is evaluated. For comparison, four steel braced RC frames were constructed and tested under reverse cyclic loads. Two of them had different amounts of bracing and the other two had the same amount of bracing but incorporated different type of device, called compression release device, which is developed and described in this paper. It can be concluded from the test results that the newly developed device can effectively be used in steel braced systems to prevent buckling failure of the bracing members. Therefore, the device enhances the ductility of brace-framed systems by allowing an adequate capacity for energy dissipation.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
Abou-Elfath A and Ghobarah A (2000), “Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Frames Rehabilitated with Concentric Steel Bracing,” Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, 27: 433–444.
ACI Committee 318 (2002), Building Code Requirements for Reinforced Concrete (ACI 318-02) and Commentary (ACI 318R-02). American Concrete Institute, Detroit, Michigan.
Aiken I et al. (1992), “Comparative Study of Four Passive Energy Dissipation Systems,” Bulletin of the New Zealand National Society for Earthquake Engineering, 25(3): 175–192.
ASCE (2002), Seismic Provisions for Structural Steel Buildings, American Institute of Steel Construction, Chicago, Illinois.
ASCE (1994), Manual of Steel Construction, Load and Resistance Factor Design, 2nd edition, American Institute of Steel Construction, Chicago, Illinois.
Badoux M and Jirsa J (1990), “Steel Bracing of RC Frame for Seismic Retrofitting,” Journal of Structural Engineering, ASCE, 116(1): 55–74.
Bertero VV, Uang C, Llopiz CR and Igarashi K (1989), “Earthquake Simulator Testing of Concentric Braced Dual System,” Journal of Structural Engineering, ASCE, 115(8): 1877–1893.
Bush TD, Jones EA and Jirsa JO (1987), “Behavior of RC frame strengthened using steel bracing,” Journal of Structural Engineering, ASCE, 117(4): 1115–1126.
CSA (1994), Limit State Design of Steel Structures, Standard CAN/CSA-S16, Canadian Standards Association, Rexdale, Ontario, 1–94.
Isabella R, Mahin S and Chang C (2003), “Seismic Demands on Steel Braced Frame Build ings with Buckling-restrained Braces,” Engineering Structures, 25(5): 655–666.
Jain AK (1978), “Histeresis Behaviour of Bracing Members and Seismic Response Of Braced Frames with Different Proportions,” Ph. D. Thesis, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.
Jinkoo K and Youngil S (2004), “Seismic Design of Low-rise Steel Frames with Buckling-restrained Braces,” Engineering Structures, 26(5): 543–551.
Kamura H, Katayama T, Shimokawa H, and Okamoto H (2000), “Energy Dissipation Characteristics of Hysteretic Dampers with Low Yield Strength Steel,” U.S.-Japan Joint Meeting for Advanced Steel Structures, Building Research Institute, Tokyo.
Liu Z and Goel S (1987), “Investigation of Concrete-filled Steel Tubes Under Cyclic Bending and Buckling,” Research Report UMCE 87-3, Dept. of Civil Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.
Maheri, MR, Kousari R and Razazan M (2003), “Pushover Tests on Steel X-braced and Knee-braced RC Frames,” Engineering Structures, 25: 1697–1705.
Maheri MR and Sahebi A (1995), “Use of Steel Bracing in Reinforced Concrete Frames,” Engineering Structures, 9: 112–120.
Ohi K, Shimawaki Y, Lee S and Otsuka H (2001), “Pseudo-dynamic Tests on Pseudo-Elastic Bracing System Made From Shape Memory Alloy,” Bulletin of Earthquake Resistant Structure Research Center, No. 34: 21–28.
Roeder CW (1989), “Seismic Behaviour of Concentrically Braced Frame,” Journal of Structural Engineering, ASCE, 115(8): 1837–1855.
Sesigur H, Celik OC and Cili F (2002), “Seismic Retrofitting of RC Framed Buildings by Vertical Steel Bracing: Case Studies After Last Turkey Earthquakes,” 12 th European Conference on Earthquake Engineering, London, Paper No. 336.
Tasnimi AA and Maasumi A (1999), “Behavior of RC Frames Strengthened by Steel X-Bracing,” Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Seismology and Earthquake Engineering, Tehran, I.R. Iran.
Watanabe A (1996), “Some Damage Control Criteria for a Steel Building with Added Hysteresis Damper,” Eleventh World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Pergamon, Elsevier Science Ltd., Disc 1, Paper No. 449
Watanabe A et al. (1989), “Properties of Brace Encased in Buckling-restraining Concrete and Steel Tube,” Ninth World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Organizing Committee, Japan Assn. for Earthquake Disaster Prevention, Tokyo, Vol. IV, Paper 6-7-4, pp.719–724.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ghaffarzadeh, H., Maheri, M.R. Mechanical compression release device in steel bracing system for retrofitting RC frames. Earthq. Engin. Engin. Vib. 5, 151–158 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11803-006-0626-x
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11803-006-0626-x