Abstract
This study examined the spatiotemporal dynamics of colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) and spectral slope (S), and further to analyze its sources in three productive water supplies (Eagle Creek, Geist and Morse reservoirs) from Indiana, USA. The results showed that he absorption coefficient a CDOM(440) ranged from 0.37 m–1 to 3.93 m–1 with an average of 1.89 ± 0.76 m–1 (±SD) for the aggregated dataset, and S varied from 0.0048 nm–1 to 0.0239 nm–1 with an average of 0.0108 ± 0.0040 nm–1. A significant relationship between S and a CDOM(440) can be fitted with a power equation (S = 0.013 × a CDOM(440)–0.42, R 2 = 0.612), excluding data from Geist Reservoir during high flow (12 April 2010) and the Morse Reservoir on 25 June 2010 due to a T-storm achieves even higher determination coefficient (R 2 = 0.842). Correlation analysis indicated that a CDOM(440) has strong association with inorganic suspended matter (ISM) concentration (0.231 < R2 < 0.786) for each of the field surveys, and this trend followed the aggregated datasets (R 2 = 0.447, p < 0.001). In contrast, chlorophyll-a was only correlated with a CDOM(440) in summer and autumn (0.081 < R 2 < 0.763), indicating that CDOM is mainly from terrigenous sources in early spring and that phytoplankton contributed during the algal blooming season. The S value was used to characterize CDOM origin. The results indicate that the CDOM source is mainly controlled by hydrological variations, while phytoplankton originated organic matter also closely linked with CDOM dynamics in three productive reservoirs.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
Agren A, Haei M, Kohler S J et al., 2010. Regulation of stream water dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations during snowmelt; the role of discharge, winter climate and memory effects. Biogeosciences, 7: 2901–2913. doi: 10.5194/bg-7-2901-2010
Arar E J, Collins G B, 1997. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Method 445.0, In vitro determination of chlorophyll a and pheophytin a in marine and freshwater algae by fluorescence, revision 1.2, Cincinnati, Ohio, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency National Exposure Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development.
Astoreca R, Rousseau V, Lancelot C, 2009. Colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) in Southern North Sea waters: Optical characterization and possible origin. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science, 85(4): 633–640. doi: 10.1016/j.ecss.2009.10.010
Babin M, Stramski D, Ferrari G M et al., 2003. Variations in the light absorption coefficients of phytoplankton, nonalgal particles, and dissolved organic matter in coastal waters around Europe. Journal of Geophysical Research, 108(C7): 3211. doi: 10.1029/2001JC000882
Binding C E, John H J, Bukata R P et al., 2008. Spectral absorption properties of dissolved and particulate matter in Lake Erie. Remote Sensing of Environment, 112(4): 1702–1711. doi: 10.1016/j.rse.2007.08.017
Bricaud A, Morel A, Prieur L, 1981. Absorption by dissolved organic matter of the sea (yellow substance) in the UV and visible domain. Limnology and Oceanography, 26(1): 43–53. doi: 10.4319/lo.1981.26.1.0043
Brown M, 1977. Transmission spectroscopy examinations of natural waters: C. Ultraviolet spectral characteristics of the transition from terrestrial humus to marine yellow substance. Estuarine and Coastal Marine Science, 5(3): 309–317. doi: 10.1016/0302-3524(77)90058-5
Busse L B, Gunkel G, 2001. Riparian alder fens—Source or sink for nutrients and dissolved organic carbon?—1. Effects of water level fluctuations. Limnologica, 31(4): 307–315. doi: 10.1016/S0075-9511(01)80033-5
Carder K L, Steward R G, Harvey R G et al., 1989. Marine humic and fulvic acids: Their effects on remote sensing of ocean chlorophyll. Limnology and Oceanography, 34(1): 68–81. doi: 10.4319/lo.1989.34.1.0068
Cory N, Buffam I, Laudon H et al., 2006. Landscape control of stream water aluminum in a boreal catchment during spring flood. Environmental Science and Technology, 40(11): 3494–3500. doi: 10.1021/es0523183
De Haan H, De Boer T, 1987. Applicability of light absorbance and fluorescence as measures of concentration and molecular size of dissolved organic carbon in humic Laken Tjeukemeer. Water Research, 21(6): 731–734. doi: 10.1016/0043-1354(87)90086-8
Fellman J B, Petrone K C, Grierson F, 2011. Source, biogeochemical cycling, and fluorescence characteristics of dissolved organic matter in an agro-urban estuary. Limnology and Oceanography, 56(1): 243–256. doi: 10.4319/lo.2011.56.1.0243
Fichot C G, Benner R, 2011. A novel method to estimate DOC concentrations from CDOM absorption coefficients in coastal waters. Geophysical Research Letter, 38(3), L03610. doi: 10.1029/2010GL046152
Goldman E A, Smith E M, Richardson T L, 2013. Estimation of chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) and photosynthetic activity of estuarine phytoplankton using a multiple- fixed-wavelength spectral fluorometer. Water Research, 47(4): 1616–1630. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2012.12.023
Helms J R, Mao J, Schmidt-Rohr K et al., 2013a. Photochemical flocculation of terrestrial dissolved organic matter and iron. Geochimica Cosmochimica Acta, 121(15): 398–413. doi: 10.1016/j.gca.2013.07.025
Helms J R, Stubbins A, Perdue E M et al., 2013b. Photochemical bleaching of oceanic dissolved organic matter and its effect on absorption spectral slope and fluorescence. Marine Chemistry, 155: 81–91. doi: 10.1016/j.marchem.2013.05.015
Helms J R, Stubbin A, Ritchie J D et al., 2008. Absorption spectral slopes and slope ratios as indicators of molecular weight, source, and photobleaching of chromophoric dissolved organic matter. Limnology and Oceanography, 53(3): 955–969. doi: 10.4319/lo.2008.53.3.0955
Hood E W, Mcknight D M, Williams M W, 2003. Sources and chemical character of dissolved organic carbon across an alpine/ subalpine ecotone, Green Lakes Valley, Colorado Front Range, United States. Water Resources Research, 39(7): 1188. doi: 10.1029/2002WR001738
Hu C M, Lee Z P, Muller-Karger F E et al., 2006. Ocean color reveals phase shift between marine plants and yellow substance. IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letter, 3(2): 262–266. doi: 10.1109/LGRS.2005.862527
Jaffe R, McKnight D, Maie N et al., 2008. Spatial and temporal variations in DOM composition in ecosystems: The importance of long-term monitoring of optical property. Journal of Geophysical Research, 113(G4), G04032. doi: 10.1029/2008JG000683
Kaiser K, Zech W, 1999. Release of natural organic matter sorbed to oxides and a subsoil. Soil Science Society of American Journal, 63(5): 1157-1166. doi: 10.2136/sssaj1999.6351157x
Kowalczuk P, Stedmon C A, Markager S, 2006. Modeling absorption by CDOM in the Baltic Sea from salinity and chlorophyll. Marine Chemistry, 101(1–2): 1–11. doi: 10.1016/j.marchem.2005.12.005
Larson J H, Frost P C, Zheng Z Y et al., 2007. Effects of upstream lakes on dissolved organic matter in streams. Limnology and Oceanography, 52(1): 60–69. doi: 10.4319/lo.2007.52.1.0060
Lee Z P, Carder K L, Arnone R A, 2002. Deriving inherent optical properties from water color: A multiband quasi-analytical algorithm for optically deep waters. Applied Optics, 41(27): 5755–5772. doi: 10.1364/AO.41.005755
Markager W, Vincent W F, 2000. Spectral light attenuation and absorption of UV and blue light in natural waters. Limnology and Oceanography, 45(3): 642–650. doi: 10.4319/lo.2000.45.3.0642
Miller M P, McKnight D M, Chapra S C et al., 2009. A model of degradation and production of three pools of dissolved organic matter in an alpine lake. Limnology and Oceanography, 54(6): 2213–2227. doi: 10.4319/lo.2009.54.6.2213
Morel A, Gentili B, 2009. A simple band ratio technique to quantify the colored dissolved and detrital organic material from ocean color remotely sensed data. Remote Sensing of Environment, 113: 998–1011. doi: 10.1016/j.rse.2009.01.008
Sobek S, Tranvik L J, Prairie Y T et al., 2007. Patterns and regulation of dissolved organic carbon: An analysis of 7500 widely distributed lakes. Limnology and Oceanography, 52(3): 1208–1219. doi: 10.4319/lo.2007.52.3.1208
Song K S, Li L, Tedesco L P et al., 2012. Hyperspectral determination of eutrophication for a water supply source via genetic algorithm-partial least squares (GA–PLS) modeling. Science of Total Environment, 426: 220–232. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.03.058
Song K, Liu D, Li L et al., 2010. Spectral absorption properties of colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) and total suspended matter (TSM) of inland waters. Proceedings of the International Society for Optical Engineering, 7811: 78110B. doi: 10.1117/12.859634
Song K S, Li L, Tedesco L et al., 2013. Remote estimation of phycocyanin (PC) for inland waters coupled with YSI PC fluorescence probe. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 20(8): 5330–5340. doi: 10.1007/s11356-013-1527-y
Spencer R G M, Aiken G R, Wickland K P et al., 2008. Seasonal and spatial variability in dissolved organic matter quantity and composition from the Yukon River Basin, Alaska. Global Biogeochemical Cycling, 22(4), GB4002. doi: 10.1029/2008GB003231
Spencer R G M, Butler K D, Aiken G R, 2012. Dissolved organic carbon and chromophoric dissolved organic matter properties of rivers in the U.S.A. Journal of Geophysical Research, Biogeosciences, 117(G3): G03001. doi: 10.1029/2011JG001928
Spencer R G M, Stubbins A, Hernes P J et al., 2009. Photochemical degradation of dissolved organic matter and dissolved lignin phenols from the Congo River. Journal of Geophysical Research, 114(G3), G03010. doi: 10.1029/2009JG000968
Stedmon C A, Markager S, 2001. The optics of chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) in the Greenland Sea: An algorithm for the differentiation between marine and terrestrially derived organic matter. Limnology and Oceanography, 46(8): 2087–2093. doi: 10.4319/lo.2001.46.8.2087
Stedmon C A, Markager S, Søndergaard M et al., 2006. Dissolved organic matter (DOM) export to a temperate estuary: Seasonal variations and implications of land use. Estuarine Coast, 29(3): 388–400. doi: 10.1007/BF02784988
Sun J, Liu D, 2003. Geometric models for calculating cell biovolume and surface area for phytoplankton. Journal of Plankton Research, 25(11): 1331–1346. doi: 10.1093/plankt/fbg096
Tedesco L, Clercin N A, 2011. Algal ecology, cyanobacteria toxicity and secondary matebolites production of the three eutrophic drinking water supply and recreational use reservoirs in central Indiana. 2010 Research Project Final Report, Indianapolis, 25–29.
Tranvik L J, Downing J A, Cotner J B et al., 2009. Lakes and reservoirs as regulators of carbon cycling and climate. Limnology and Oceanography, 54(6): 2298–2314. doi: 10.4319/lo.2009.54.6_part_2.2298
Twardowski M S, Boss E, Sullivan J M et al., 2004. Modeling the spectral shape of absorption by chromophoric dissolved organic matter. Marine Chemistry, 89(1–4): 69–88. doi: 10.1016/j.marchem.2004.02.008
Vodacek A, Blough N V, Degrandpre M D et al., 1997. Seasonal variation of CDOM and DOC in the Middle Atlantic Bight: Terrestrial inputs and photooxidation. Limnology and Oceanography, 42(4): 674–686. doi: 10.4319/lo.1997.42.4.0674
Wetzel R G, 2001. Limnology: Lake and River Ecosystems (3rd ed.). San Diego: Academic Press, 731–759.
Williamson C E, Rose K C, 2010. When UV meets fresh water. Science, 329(5992): 637–639. doi: 10.1126/science.1191192
Wilson H, Xenopoulos M A, 2009. Effects of agricultural land use on the composition of fluvial dissolved organic matter. Nature Geoscience, 2(1): 37–41. doi: 10.1038/ngeo391
Zepp R G, Schlotzhauer P F, 1981. Comparison of photo-chemical behavior of various humic substances in water. III. Spectroscopic properties of humic substances. Chemosphere, 10(5): 479–486. doi: 10.1016/0045-6535(81)90148-X
Zhang Y L, Qin B Q, Zhu G W et al., 2007. Chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) absorption characteristics in relation to fluorescence in Lake Taihu, China, a large shallow subtropical lake. Hydrobiologia, 581(1): 43–52. doi: 10.1007/s10750-006-0520-6
Zhang Y L, van dijk M K, Liu M L et al., 2009. The contribution of phytoplankton degradation to chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) in eutrophic shallow lakes: Field and experimental evidence. Water Research, 43(18): 4685–4697. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2009.07.024
Zhang Y L, Zhang E L, Yin Y et al., 2010. Characteristics and sources of chromophoric dissolved organic matter in lakes of the Yungui Plateau, China, differing in trophic state and altitude. Limnology and Oceanography, 55(6): 2645–2659. doi: 10.4319/lo.2010.55.6.2645
Zhang Y L, Yin Y, Zhang E L et al., 2011a. Spectral attenuation of ultraviolet and visible radiation in lakes in the Yunnan Plateau, and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, China. Photochemical and Photobiological Sciences, 10(4): 469–482. doi: 10.1039/C0PP00270D
Zhang Y, Yin Y, Zhu G et al., 2011b. Characterizing chromophoric dissolved organic matter in Lake Tianmuhu and its catchment basin using excitation emission matrix fluorescence and parallel factor analysis. Water Research, 45(16): 5110–5122. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2011.07.014
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Foundation item: Under the auspices of National Aeronautics and Space Administration of US (NASA) (No. NNG06GA92G), National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41171293)
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Song, K., Li, L., Tedesco, L. et al. Spectral characterization of colored dissolved organic matter for productive inland waters and its source analysis. Chin. Geogr. Sci. 25, 295–308 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11769-014-0690-5
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11769-014-0690-5