Abstract
A method was developed to determine the total phospholipid content in vegetable oil by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Calibration curves of I-α-phosphatidylcholine (PC), I-α-phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), and I-α-phosphatidylinositol (PI) in hexane were generated at different concentrations. The optimal phospholipid absorption bands between 1200–970 cm−1 were identified and used for quantitative determination. High R 2≥0.968 were observed between band areas and phospholipid standard concentrations. Phospholipids from crude soybean oil were obtained by water degumming, and purification was performed on a silicic acid column. The phospholipid contents of purified phospholipid extract, degummed and crude soybean oil determined from calibration equations were >90, 0.0113, and 1.77%, respectively. High correlations of determination (R 2≥0.933) were observed between the FTIR method and thin-layer chromatography-imaging densitometry method for the determination of phospholipid content. FTIR was found to be a useful analytical tool for simple and rapid quantitative determination of phospholipids in vegetable oil.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Explore related subjects
Discover the latest articles, news and stories from top researchers in related subjects.Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
Chapman, G.W., A Conversion Factor to Determine Phospholipid Content in Soybean and Sunflower Crude Oils, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 57:299–302 (1980).
Carelli, A.A., M.I. Brevedan, and H. Crapiste, Quantitative Determination of Phospholipid in Sunflower Oil, Ibid.:511–514 (1997).
Arruda, D.H., and P.S. Dimick, Phospholipid Composition of Lipid Seed Crystal Isolates from Ivory Coast Cocoa Butter, Ibid.:385–390 (1991).
Przybylski, R., and N.A.M. Eskin, Phospholipid Composition of Canola Oils During the Early Stages of Processing as Measured by TLC with Flame Ionization Detector, Ibid.:241–245 (1991).
Touchstone, J.C., J.C. Chen, and K.M. Beaver, Improved Separation of Phospholipids in Thin Layer Chromatography, Lipids 15:61–62 (1980).
Erdahl, R.L., A. Stolyhwo, and O.S. Privett, Analysis of Soybean Lecithin by Thin Layer and Analytical Liquid Chromatography, J. Am. Oil. Chem. Soc. 50:513–515 (1973).
Caboni, M.F., S. Menotta, and L. Giovanni, Separation and Analysis of Phospholipids in Different Foods with a Light-Scattering Detector, Ibid.:1561–1565 (1996).
Bartlett, G.R., Phosphorus Assay in Column Chromatography, J. Biol. Chem. 234:468 (1959).
Steiner, J., Efforts to Eliminate Toxic Solvents, INFORM 4:955 (1993).
Hakuli, A., A. Kytokivi, E.-L. Lakomaa, and O. Krause, FT-IR in the Quantitative Analysis of Gaseous Hydrocarbon Mixtures, Anal. Chem. 67:1881–1886 (1995).
Official Methods and Recommended Practices of the American Oil Chemists’ Society, 4th edn., AOCS Press, Champaign, 1994.
Duevel, R.V., R.M. Corn, M.D. Liu, and C.R. Leidner, Orientation and Organization in Functionalized Phospholipid Monolayers at Gold Surfaces as Measured by Polarization Modulation Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, J. Phys. Chem. 96:486–473 (1992).
Mendelsohn, R., M.A. Davies, J.W. Brauner, H.F. Schuster, and R.A. Dluhy, Quantitative Determination of Conformational Disorder in the Acyl Chains of Phospholipid Bilayers by Infrared Spectroscopy, Biochemistry 28:8934–8939 (1989).
Casal, H.L., Infrared Spectroscopic Determination of Water Penetration in Lipid Bilayer Membranes, J. Phys. Chem. 93:4328–4330 (1989).
Ville, H., G. Maes, R. De Schrijver, G. Rombouts, and R. Geers, Determination of Phospholipid Content of Intramuscular Fat by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Meat Science 4:283–291 (1995).
Gardner, D.R., R.A. Sanders, D.E. Henry, D.H. Tallmadge, and H.W. Wharton, Characterization of Used Frying Oils. Part 1: Isolation and Identification of Compound Classes, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 69:499–508 (1992).
Van de Voort, F.R., A.A. Ismail, J. Sedman, and G. Emo, Monitoring the Oxidation of Edible Oils by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Ibid.:243–253 (1994).
Lanser, A.C., G.R. List, R.K. Holloway, and T.L. Mounts, FTIR Estimation of Free Fatty Acid Content in Crude Oils Extracted from Damaged Soybeans, Ibid.:448–449 (1991).
Sedman, J., F.R. van de Voort, and A.A. Ismail, Application of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy in Edible Oil Analysis, in New Techniques and Applications in Lipid Analysis, edited by R.E. McDonald and M.M. Mossoba, AOCS Press, Champaign, 1997, pp. 283–324.
Lee, K.A.B., Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopic Studies of Microstructures Formed from 1,2-Bis(10,12-tricosadiynoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, J. Phys. Chem 93:926–931 (1989).
Cast, J., Infrared Spectroscopy of Lipids, in Developments in Fats and Oils, edited by R.J. Hamilton, Chapman & Hall, London, 1995, pp. 224–266.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
About this article
Cite this article
Nzai, J.M., Proctor, A. Determination of phospholipids in vegetable oil by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. J Amer Oil Chem Soc 75, 1281–1289 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11746-998-0173-x
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11746-998-0173-x