Abstract
The present study focuses on the olefinic region of the 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (13C NMR) spectrum of virgin olive oil which shows 12 peaks resonating between 127.5 and 130 ppm. These peaks are assigned to the most abundant unsaturated fatty acid moieties of the olive oil, oleic and linoleic acids, which are present in α and β positions of the glycerol backbone. With the use of an internal reference pyrazine, the 12 peaks were integrated and their areas were expressed in mmol/g of virgin olive oil. The intensities of the 12 observed peaks were affected when an authentic virgin olive oil was mixed with a seed oil. This observation was used to develop a semiquantitative method to detect adulteration of virgin olive oil by other oils based on 13C NMR spectroscopy.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
Kapoulas, V.M., and S. Passaloglou-Emmanouilidou, Detection of Adulteration of Olive Oil with Seed Oils by a Combination of Column and Gas Liquid Chromatography, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 58:694–697 (1981).
Rossell, J.B., B. King, and M.J. Downes, Detection of Adulteration, Ibid. 60:333–339 (1983).
Kiritsakis, A., and P. Martakis, Olive Oil Analysis, Mod. Methods Plant Anal. New Ser. 12:1–20 (1991).
Gunstone, F.D., The Composition of Hydrogenated Fats by High-Resolution 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 70:965–970 (1993).
Knothe, G., M.S.F. Lie Ken Jie, C.C. Lam, and M.O. Bagby, Evaluation of the 13C-NMR Signals of the Unsaturated Carbons of Triacyglycerols, Chem. Phys. Lipids 77:187–191 (1995).
Wollenberg, K.F., Quantitative High Resolution 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance of the Olefinic and Carbonyl Carbons of Edible Vegetable Oils, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 67:487–494 (1990).
Zamora, R., J.L. Navarro, and F. Hidalgo, Identification and Classification of Olive Oils by High Resolution 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Ibid. 71:361–364 (1994).
Mavromoustakos, T., M. Zervou, E. Theodoropoulou, D. Panagiotopoulos, G. Bonas, and A. Helmis, A 13C NMR Analysis of the Triacyglycerol Composition of Greek Virgin Olive Oils, Magn. Reson. Chem. 35:S3-S7 (1997).
Sacchi, R., F. Addeo, and L. Paolillo, 1H and 13C NMR of Virgin Olive Oil. An Overview, Ibid. 35:S133-S145 (1997).
Vlahov, G., Improved Quantitative 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Criteria for Determination of Grades of Virgin Olive Oils. The Normal Ranges for Diglycerides in Olive Oil, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 73:1201–1203 (1996).
Morrison, D.F., Multivariate Statistical Methods, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1984, pp. 274.
Legendre, L., and P. Legendre, Numerical Ecology, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1979, pp. 360–380.
Vlahov, G., A.D. Shaw, and D.B. Kell, Use of 13C Nuclear Magnetic Reconance Distortionless Enhancement by Polarization Transfer Pulse Sequence and Multivariate Analysis to Discriminate Olive Oil Cultivars, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 76:1223–1231 (1999).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
About this article
Cite this article
Mavromoustakos, T., Zervou, M., Bonas, G. et al. A novel analytical method to detect adulteration of virgin olive oil by other oils. J Amer Oil Chem Soc 77, 405–411 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11746-000-0065-x
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11746-000-0065-x