Abstract
1H and 13C NMR spectra of intact human bile were assigned using one-dimensional (1H and 13C) and two-dimensional (1H-1H and 1H-13C) experiments. Individual conjugated bile acids—glycocholic acid, glycodeoxycholic acid, glycochenodeoxycholic acid, taurocholic acid, taurodeoxycholic acid, and taurochenodeoxycholic acid—were identified. The bile acids were quantified accurately and individually in a single step by using distinct and characteristic amide signals. Making use of 13C NMR, the study also suggests a way to analyze unconjugated bile acids separately, if present. Chemical shift assignments and rapid single-step analysis of individual conjugated bile acids from intact bile presented herein may have immense utility in the study of bile acid metabolism and deeper understanding of hepatobiliary diseases.
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Abbreviations
- DQF-COSY:
-
double quantum filtered correlated spectroscopy
- GCA:
-
glycocholic acid
- GCDCA:
-
glycochenodeoxycholic acid
- GDCA:
-
glycodeoxycholic acid
- HMBC:
-
heteronuclear multiple bond correlation
- HSQC:
-
heteronuclear single quantum correlation
- NOE:
-
nuclear Overhauser enhancement
- TCA:
-
taurocholic acid
- TCDCA:
-
taurochenodeoxycholic acid
- TDCA:
-
taurodeoxycholic acid
- TOCSY:
-
total correlated spectroscopy
- TSP:
-
sodium salt of trimethylsilylpropionic acid-d 4
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Gowda, G.A.N., Ijare, O.B., Somashekar, B.S. et al. Single-Step analysis of individual conjugated bile acids in human bile using 1H NMR spectroscopy. Lipids 41, 591–603 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11745-006-5008-7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11745-006-5008-7