Abstract
The slag samples taken from landfill, which originated from different metallurgical processes, have been characterized in this study. The slags were categorized as electric arc furnace (EAF) slag, argon oxygen decarburization/metal refining process slag and vacuum oxygen decarburization slag based on chromium content and basicity. EAF slags have higher potential in metal recovery than the other two slags due to its higher iron and chromium contents. The size of the iron-chromium-nickel alloy particles varies from a few μm up to several cm. The recoveries of large metal particles and metal-spinel aggregates have potential to make the metal recovery from landfilled slags economically viable.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
Boom R, Riaz S, Mills K C. A boost in research on slags, a doubling in publications from literature since 2003. Ironmaking & Steelmaking, 2010, 37(7): 476–481
Shen H, Forssberg E. An overview of recovery of metals from slags. Waste Management (New York, N.Y.), 2003, 23(10): 933–949
Adamczyk B, Brenneis R, Adam C, Mudersbach D. Recovery of chromium from AOD-converter slag. Steel Research International, 2010, 81(12): 1078–1083
Durinck D, Jones P T, Blanpain B, Wollants P. Air-cooling of metallurgical slags containing multivalent oxides. Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 2008, 91(10): 3342–3348
BAM. Recycling of residues from metallurgical industry with the arc furnace technology-RECARC. EU LIFE Environment Demonstration Project, 2006
Ye G, Burström E, Kuhn M, Piret J. Reduction of steel-making slags for recovery of valuable metals and oxide materials. Scandinavian Journal of Metallurgy, 2003, 32(1): 7–14
Pillay K, Von Blottnitz H, Petersen J. Aging of chromium (III)-bearing slag and its relation to the atmospheric oxidation of solid chromium (III)-oxide in the presence of calcium oxide. Chemosphere, 2003, 52(10): 1771–1779
Santos R M, van Bouwel J, Vandevelde E, Mertens G, Elsen J, van Gerven T. Accelerated mineral carbonation of stainless steel slags for CO2 storage and waste valorization: Effect of process parameters on geochemical properties. International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, 2013, 17: 32–45
Zhang H, Hong X. An overview for the utilization of wastes from stainless steel industries. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 2011, 55(8): 745–754
Rowbotham A L, Levy L S, Shuker L K. Chromium in the environment: an evaluation of exposure of the UK general population and possible adverse health effects. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health. Part B, 2000, 3(3): 145–178
Mostbauer P. Criteria selection for landfills: Do we need a limitation on inorganic total content. Waste Management (New York, N.Y.), 2003, 23(6): 547–554
Durinck D, Engström F, Arnout S, Heulens J, Jones P T, Björkman B, Blanpain B, Wollants P. Hot stage processing of metallurgical slags. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 2008, 52(10): 1121–1131
Sripriya R, Murty C V G K. Recovery of metal from slag/mixed metal generated in ferroalloy plants — a case study. International Journal of Mineral Processing, 2005, 75(1–2): 123–134
Jones P T. Degradation mechanisms of basic refractory materials during the secondary refining of stainless steel in VOD ladles. Leuven: KU Leuven, 2001, 69–71
Mashanyare H P, Guest R N. The recovery of ferrochrome from slag at Zimasco. Minerals Engineering, 1997, 10(11): 1253–1258
Parker J A L, Loveday G K. Recovery of metal from slag in the ferro-alloy industry. In: Glen H W ed. Hidden Wealth. Johannesburg: Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, 2006, 7–15
Sano N. Reduction of chromium oxide in stainless steel slags. In: Proceedings of 10th International Ferroalloys Congress. Cape Town: South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, 2004, 670–677
Lee S B, Song H, Hwang H Y, Rhee C H, Klevan O S. Effects of ferrosilicon particle size on reduction rate of chromium oxide in slag. Scandinavian Journal of Metallurgy, 2003, 32(5): 247–255
Park J H, Song H S, Min D J. Reduction behavior of EAF slags containing Cr2O3 using aluminum at 1793 K. ISIJ International, 2004, 44(5): 790–794
Gao J, Li S, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Chen P, Shen P. Process of reresourcing of converter slag. Journal of Iron and Steel Research International, 2011, 18(12): 32–39
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Wang, X., Geysen, D., Van Gerven, T. et al. Characterization of landfilled stainless steel slags in view of metal recovery. Front. Chem. Sci. Eng. 11, 353–362 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11705-017-1656-9
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11705-017-1656-9