Abstract
Six purified vitamin-free casein-based diets were formulated to contain six levels vitamin A at 0, 500, 1000, 2000, 4000, and 8000 IU·kg−1, respectively. Tilapias (initial mean weight: 7.73±0.03 g) were fed the diets in quadruplicate aquaria to apparent satiation twice daily for 10 weeks. No differences in mortality, weight gain, or feed efficiency ratio (FER) were observed among the groups. Liver vitamin A levels reflected dietary vitamin A levels. Immune parameters, such as hemoglobin levels, total cell count, red blood cell count, total serum protein, and serum lysozyme activity, did not vary with the dietary vitamin A levels. White blood cell counts of fish in 2000 IU·kg−1 diet groups were significantly higher than that in other diets groups. Serum complement activities of fish in 2000 and 4000 IU·kg−1 vitamin A diet groups were also higher than those in other diet groups. After the 14-d challenge test, the mortality and antibody titer were similar among the treatments. The results indicated that dietary vitamin A inclusions did not affect the immune response of Oreochromis niloticus.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
Amar E C, Kiron V, Satoh S, Watanabe T (2001). Influence of various dietary synthetic carotenoids on bio-defence mechanisms in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum). Aquacult Res, 32: 162–173
Bahl R, Kumar R, Bhandari N, Kant S, Srivastava R, Bhan M K (1999). Vitamin A administered with measles vaccine to 9-month-old infants does not reduce vaccine immunogenicity. J Nutr, 129: 69–73
Benn C S, Aaby P, Balé C, Olsen J, Michaelsen K F, George E, Whittle H (1997). Randomised trial of effect of vitamin A supplementation on antibody response to measles vaccine in Guinea-Bissau, west Africa. Lancet, 350(9071): 101–105
Brown B A (1988). Routin Hematology Procedures. In: Brown B A, ed. Hematology: Principles and Procedures. Leo and Febiger, Philadelphia, PA, 7–122
Chen M F, Light T S (1994). Specificity of the channel catfish antibody to Edwardsiella ictaluri. J Aquat Anim Health, 6(3): 226–270
Cuesta A, Ortuño J, Rodriguez A, Esteban M A, Meseguer J (2002). Changes in some innate defence parameters of seabream (Sparus aurata L.) induced by retinol acetate. Fish Shellfish Immunol, 13(4): 279–291
Estevez A, Kanazawa A (1995). Effect of n-3 PUFA and vitamin A Artemia enrichment on pigmentation success of turbot, Scopthalmus maximum (L.). Aquacult Nutr, 1(3): 159–168
Halver J E (1989). The Vitamins. In: Halver J E, ed. Fish Nutrition, 2nd ed. San Diego, California, USA: Academic Press, 32–109
Hemre G I, Mangor-Jesen A, Rosenlund G, Lie O (1994). Organ distribution of vitamins A and E during the broodstock. Phase of female turbot (Scophthalmus maximus). Fiskeridir Skr (Havunders), 6: 141–149
Hemre G I, Deng D F, Wilson R P, Berntssen M H G (2004). Vitamin A metabolism and early biological responses in juvenile sunshine bass (Morone chrysops×M. saxatilis) fed graded levels of vitamin A. Aquaculture, 235(1–4): 645–658
Hilton J W (1983). Hypervitaminosis A in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri): toxicity signs and maximum tolerable level. J Nutr, 113(9): 1737–1745
Hu C J, Chen S M, Pan C H, Huang C H (2006). Effects of dietary vitamin A or β-carotene concentrations on growth of juvenile hybrid tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus×O. aureus. Auqaculture, 253(1–4): 602–607
Larsen H N (1964). Comparison of various methods of hemoglobin detection of channel catfish blood. Prog. Fish-Culture, 26(1): 11–15
Litwack G (1955). Photometric determination of lysozyme activity. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med, 89(3): 401–403
Moren M, Opstad I, Berntssen M H G, Zambonino Infante J L, Hamre K (2004). An optimum level of vitamin A supplements for Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus L.) juveniles. Aquaculture, 235(1–4): 578–599
NRC (National Research Council) (1993): Nutrient Requirements of Fish. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 114
Ørnsrud R, Graff I E, Hoie S, Totland G K, Hemre G I (2002). Hypervitaminosis A in first-feeding fry of the Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.). Aquacult Nutr, 8(1): 7–13
Rock C L (1997). Carotenoids: Biology and Treatment. Phannncol. Ther, 75: 185–197
Ross A C, Hämmerling U G (1994). Retinoids and the immune system. In: Sporn M B, Roberts A B, Goodman D S, eds. The retioids: biology, chemistry and medicine, second edition. New York: Raven Press, 521–43
Santiago C B, Gonzal A C (2000). Effect of prepared diet and vitamins A, E and C supplementation on the reproductive performance of cage-reared bighead carp Aristichthys nobilis (Richardson). J Appl Ichthyology, 16(1): 8–13
Semba R D (1994). Vitamin A, immunity, and infection. Clin Infect Dis, 19(3): 489–499
Semba R D, Akib A, Beeler J, Munasir Z, Permaesih D, Muherdiyantiningsih, Komala, Martuti S, Muhilal (1997). Effect of vitamin A supplementation on measles vaccination in nine-month-old infants. Public Health, 111(4): 245–247
Storebakken T, No H K, Choubert G (1993). Interrelationship between astaxanthin and bitamin in Atlantic salmon. In: Kaushik S J, Luquet P, eds. Fish Nutricion in Practice. IV Int. Symp. Fish Nutrition and Feeding, Biarritz, France, June 1991. INRA, Paris (Les Colloques No. 61), 345–347
Takeuchi T, Dedi J, Haga Y, Seikai T, Watanabe T (1998). Effect of vitamin A compounds on bone deformity in larval Japanese founder (Paralichthys olivaceus). Aquaculture, 169(3–4): 155–165
Thompson I, Fletcher T C, Houlihan D F, Secombes C J (1994). The effect of dietary vitamin A on the immunocompetence of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.). Fish Physiol Biochem, 12(6): 513–523
Thompson I, Choubert G, Houlihan D F, Secombes C J (1995). The effect of dietary vitamin A and astaxanthin on the immunocompetence of rainbow trout. Aquaculture, 133(2): 91–102
Torrissen O J (1989). Pigmentation of salmonids: Interaction of astaxanthin and canthaxanthin on pigment deposition in rainbow trout. Aquaculture, 79(1–4): 363–374
Tsushima M, Ikuno Y, Nagata S, Kodama K, Matsuno T (2002). Comparative biochemical studies of carotenoids in catfishes. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol, 133(3): 331–336
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
About this article
Cite this article
Guo, R., Lim, C., Xia, H. et al. Effect of various dietary vitamin A levels on growth performance and immune response of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Front. Agric. China 4, 507–512 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11703-010-1048-0
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11703-010-1048-0