Abstract
The double loop electrochemical potentiokinetic reactivation (DL-EPR) test using an electrolyte of 33 pct H2SO4 solution with 0.3 pct HCl, at room temperature and at a potential scan rate dE/dt of about 2.5 mV/s, was chosen to evaluate the sensitization of austeno-ferritic duplex stainless steels (DSS). Reproducible and optimal test responses and high test selectivity in detecting integranular corrosion (IGC) susceptibility were verified for four DSS differing in their method of fabrication (cast or wrought) and their ferrite phase content (44 to 57 pct). The test was successfully used to analyze the interactions between precipitation, chromium depletion, and IGC sensitization of the UNS S31250 steel, which was aged between 6 minutes and 120 hours at temperatures varying from 500 °C to 900 °C. The eutectoid decomposition of the ferrite, at different aging temperatures, was investigated using various techniques. The chromium depletion was analyzed qualitatively by X-ray mapping in a scanning transmission electronic microscope (STEM) and quantitatively by analytical calculation based on the chromium diffusion in the ferrite. It was shown that the chromium content in the ferrite can decrease from 30 to 7.5 pct by weight during aging before total decomposition occurs. The interactions between precipitation and IGC sensitization during DSS aging were clearly shown by superimposing the time-temperature-start of precipitation (TTP) and time-temperature-sensitization (TTS) diagrams obtained from the DL-EPR tests performed for various levels of sensitization.
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Amadou, T., Sidhom, H. & Braham, C. Double loop electrochemical potentiokinetic reactivation test optimization in checking of duplex stainless steel intergranular corrosion susceptibility. Metall Mater Trans A 35, 3499–3513 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-004-0187-4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-004-0187-4