Abstract
The mechanical stability of dispersed retained austenite, i.e., the resistance of this austenite to mechanically induced martensitic transformation, was characterized at room temperature on two steels which differed by their silicon content. The steels had been heat treated in such a way that each specimen presented the same initial volume fraction of austenite and the same austenite grain size. Nevertheless, depending on the specimen, the retained austenite contained different amounts of carbon and was surrounded by different phases. Measurements of the variation of the volume fraction of untransformed austenite as a function of uniaxial plastic strain revealed that, besides the carbon content of retained austenite, the strength of the other phases surrounding austenite grains also influences the austenite resistance to martensitic transformation. The presence of thermal martensite together with the silicon solid-solution strengthening of the intercritical ferrite matrix can “shield” austenite from the externally applied load. As a consequence, the increase of the mechanical stability of retained austenite is not solely related to the decrease of the M s temperature induced by carbon enrichment.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Explore related subjects
Discover the latest articles, news and stories from top researchers in related subjects.Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
J.R. Patel and M. Cohen: Acta Metall., 1953, vol. 1, pp. 531–38.
T. Angel: J. Iron Steel Inst., 1954, pp. 165–74.
V.F. Zackay, E.R. Parker, D. Fahr, and R. Busch: Trans. Am. Soc. Met., 1967, vol. 60, pp. 252–59.
D.C. Ludwigson and J.A. Berger: J. Iron Steel Inst., 1969, pp. 63–69.
G.B. Olson and M. Cohen: Metall. Trans. A, 1975, vol. 6A, pp. 791–95.
H. Onodera, H. Goto, and I. Tamura: Proc. 1st JIM Int. Symp. New Aspects of Martensitic Transformations, Kobe, Japan, 1976, pp. 327–38.
G.B. Olson and M. Azrin: Metall. Trans. A, 1978, vol. 9A, pp. 713–21.
G.B. Olson and M. Cohen: Metall. Trans. A, 1982, vol. 13A, pp. 1907–14.
G.B. Olson: in Deformation, Processing and Structures, G. Krauss, ed. ASM, Metals Park, OH, 1982, pp. 391–424.
R.G. Stringfellow, D.M. Parks, and G.B. Olson: Acta Metall. Mater., 1992, vol. 40 (7), pp. 1703–16.
I. Tamura and C.M. Wayman: in Martensite, G.B. Olson and W.S. Owen, eds., ASM, Metals Park, OH, 1992, pp. 227–42.
J.B. Leblond, J. Devaux, and J.C. Devaux: Int. J. Plasticity, 1989, vol. 5, pp. 551–72.
F. Marketz and F.D. Fischer: Metall. Trans. A, 1995, vol. 26A, pp. 267–78.
C.L. Magee and H.W. Paxton: Trans. TMS-AIME, 1968, vol. 242, pp. 1741–49.
G.W. Greenwood and R.H. Johnson: Proc. R. Soc. London, Ser. A, 1965, vol. 283, pp. 403–22.
D. Fahr: Metall. Trans., 1971, vol. 2, pp. 1883–92.
D. Bhandarkar, V.F. Zackay, and E.R. Parker: Metall. Trans., 1972, vol. 3, pp. 2619–31.
R.B.G. Yeo: Trans. TMS-AIME, 1963, vol. 227, pp. 884–90.
G.R. Chanani, V.F. Zackay, and E.R. Parker: Metall. Trans., 1971, vol. 2, pp. 133–39.
Y. Sakuma, O. Matsumura, and O. Akisue: Iron Steel Inst. Jpn. Int., 1991, vol. 31, pp. 1348–53.
O. Matsumura, Y. Sakuma, and H. Takechi: Scripta Metall., 1987, vol. 21, pp. 1301–06.
Y. Sakuma, D.K. Matlock, and G. Krauss: Metall. Trans. A, 1992, vol. 23A, pp. 1221–32.
K. Sugimoto, N. Usui, M. Kobayashi, and S. Hashimoto: Iron Steel Inst. Jpn. Int., 1992, vol. 32, pp. 1311–18.
W.C. Jeong, D.K. Matlock, and G. Krauss: Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 1993, vol. 165, pp. 1–8.
H.K.D.H. Bhadeshia: Bainite in Steels, The Institute of Materials, London, 1992, pp. 61–87.
H.K.D.H. Bhadeshia and D.V. Edmonds: Metall. Trans. A, 1979, vol. 10A, pp. 895–907.
I. Tsukatani, S. Hashimoto, and T. Inoue: Iron Steel Inst. Jpn. Int., 1991, vol. 31, pp. 992–1000.
O. Matsumura, Y. Sakuma, Y. Ishii, and J. Zhao: Iron Steel Inst. Jpn. Int., 1992, vol. 32, pp. 1110–16.
Y. Sakuma, D.K. Matlock, and G. Krauss: Metall. Trans. A, 1992, vol. 23A, pp. 1233–41.
A. Itami, M. Takahashi, and K. Ushioda: Iron Steel Inst. Jpn. Int., 1995, vol. 35, pp. 1121–27.
K. Sugimoto, M. Misu, M. Kobayashi, and H. Shirasawa: Iron Steel Inst. Jpn. Int., 1993, vol. 33, pp. 775–82.
A. Itami, M. Takahashi, and K. Ushioda: Proc. Symp. High-Strength Steels for Automotive Industry, C.E. Slater, Baltimore, MD, 1994, pp. 245–54.
P. Jacques, X. Cornet, P. Harlet, J. Ladrière, and F. Delannay: Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 1998, vol. 29A, pp. 2383–93.
P. Jacques, K. Eberle, P. Harlet, and F. Delannay: Proc. 40th Mechanical Working & Steel Processing Conf., Pittsburgh, PA, Oct, 25–28 1998, ISS, Warrendale, PA, pp. 239–50.
P. Jacques, E. Girault, P. Harlet, and F. Delannay: Iron Steel Inst. Jpn. Int., 2001, vol. 41, pp. 1061–67.
G.R. Speich: in Fundamentals of Dual Phase Steels, R.A. Kot and B.L. Bramfitt, eds., TMS-AIME, Warrendale, PA, 1981, pp. 3–45.
E. Girault, P. Jacques, K. Mols, P. Harlet, J. van Humbeeck, E. Aernoudt, and F. Delannay: Mater. Characterization, 1998, vol. 40 (2), pp. 111–18.
P. Jacques, E. Girault, T. Catlin, T. Kop, N. Geerlofs, S. Van der Zwaag, and F. Delannay: Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 1999, vols. 273–275, pp. 475–79.
D.J. Dyson and B. Holmes: J. Iron Steel Inst., 1970, vol. 208, pp. 469–74.
C.L. Magee: Metall. Trans., 1971, vol. 2, pp. 2419–25.
G.N. Haidemenopoulos, G.B. Olson, and M. Cohen: Proc. 34th Sagamore Army Materials Research Conf., Lake George, New York, NY, U.S. Government Printing Office, 1987, pp. 549–93.
Y. Sakuma, O. Matsumura, and H. Takechi: Metall. Trans. A, 1991, vol. 22A, pp. 489–98.
Rudiono and Y. Tomota: Acta Mater., 1997, vol. 45 (5), pp. 1923–29.
G.J. Weng: J. Mech. Phys. Solids, 1990, vol. 38, pp. 419–41.
N.C. Goel, S. Sangal, and K. Tangri: Metall. Trans. A, 1985, vol. 16A, pp. 2013–23.
B. Karlsson and B. Sundström: Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 1974, vol. 16, pp. 161–66.
M.H. Poech and H.F. Fischmeister: Acta Metall., 1992, vol. 40 (3), pp. 487–94.
Q. Furnemont, M. Kempf, P. Jacques, and M. Goken: Mater. Sci. Eng. A, in press.
G. Bao, J.W. Hutchinson, and R.M. McMeeking: Mech. Mater., 1991, vol. 12, pp. 85–94.
P. Jacques, Q. Furnemont, T. Pardoen, and F. Delannay: Acta Mater., 2001, vol. 49 (1), pp. 139–52.
M. Hillert: in Phase Equilibria, Phase Diagrams and Phase Transformations, M. Hillert, ed., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom, 1998, pp. 348–67.
F.B. Pickering: Materials Science and Technology—Vol. 7: Constitution and Properties of Steels, F.B. Pickering, ed., VCH Publ., Weinheim, 1992, pp. 41–94.
F.B. Pickering: Physical Metallurgy and the Design of Steels, Applied Science Publishers, London, 1978.
A.R. Marder: in Formable HSLA and Dual-Phase Steels, A.T. Davenport, ed., TMS-AIME, Warrendale, PA, 1977, pp. 87–98.
Q.A. Chen, R. Kaspar, and O. Pawelski: Z. Metallkd., 1985, vol. 76, pp. 348–52.
B.W. Mott: Micro-Indentation Hardness Testing, Butterworth and Co., London, 1956, pp. 1–15.
G.F. Vander Voort: Metallography: Principles and Practice, McGraw-Hill, New York, NY, 1984, pp. 334–83.
W.C. Leslie: Metall. Trans., 1972, vol. 3, pp. 5–26.
A.A.B. Sugden and H.K.D.H. Bhadeshia: Metall. Trans. A, 1988, vol. 19A, pp. 1597–1602.
F.B. Pickering: in Hardenability Concepts with Applications to Steel, DV. Doane and J.S. Kirkaldy, eds., TMS-AIME, Warrendale, PA, 1977, pp. 179–225.
J. Aranzabal, I. Gutierrez, J.M. Rodriguez-Ibabe, and J.J. Urcola: Metall. Trans. A, 1997, vol. 28A, pp. 1143–56.
L.C. Chang and H.K.D.H. Bhadeshia: Mater. Sci. Technol., 1995, vol. 11, pp. 874–81.
H.K.D.H. Bhadeshia and D.V. Edmonds: Acta Metall., 1980, vol. 28, pp. 1265–73.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Jacques, P.J., Delannay, F. & Ladrière, J. On the influence of interactions between phases on the mechanical stability of retained austenite in transformation-induced plasticity multiphase steels. Metall Mater Trans A 32, 2759–2768 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-001-1027-4
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-001-1027-4