Abstract
The oceans are the largest carbon pools on Earth, and play the role of a “buffer” in climate change. Blue carbon, the carbon (mainly organic carbon) captured by marine ecosystems, is one of the important mechanisms of marine carbon storage. Blue carbon was initially recognized only in the form of visible coastal plant carbon sequestration. In fact, microorganisms (phytoplankton, bacteria, archaea, viruses, and protozoa), which did not receive much attention in the past, account for more than 90% of the total marine biomass and are the main contributors to blue carbon. Chinese coastal seas, equivalent to 1/3 of China’s total land area, have a huge carbon sink potential needing urgently research and development. In this paper, we focus on the processes and mechanisms of coastal ocean’s carbon sequestration and the approaches for increasing that sequestration. We discuss the structures of coastal ecosystems, the processes of carbon cycle, and the mechanisms of carbon sequestration. Using the evolution of coastal ocean’s carbon sinks in sedimentary records over geologic times, we also discuss the possible effects of natural processes and anthropogenic activities on marine carbon sinks. Finally, we discuss the prospect of using carbon sequestration engineering for increasing coastal ocean’s carbon storage capacity.
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Acknowledgements
We thank Xie Xiabing for her assistance with the figures and references, the members in the program “Processes and Approaches of Coastal Ecosystem Carbon Sequestration” for their assistance, and Dr. Yu Zuojun for her assistance with English. This work was supported by the National Key Research Programs (Grant Nos. 2013CB955700 & 2016YFA0601400), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 41422603, 41676125 and 91428308), and the National Programme on Global Change and Air-Sea Interaction (Grant No. GASI-03- 01-02-03).
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Zhang, Y., Zhao, M., Cui, Q. et al. Processes of coastal ecosystem carbon sequestration and approaches for increasing carbon sink. Sci. China Earth Sci. 60, 809–820 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11430-016-9010-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11430-016-9010-9