Abstract
A pot incubation experiment with rice residues (straw and root) was conducted under aerobic condition (60% of WHC, water holding capacity) for a period of 55 days in a greenhouse. The emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrous oxide (N2O) were determined by the closed chamber method in a paddy soil. The soil was derived from quaternary red clay, and collected from the Ecological Station of Red Soil, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, located in Jiangxi Province, a subtropical region of China. The emissions of CO2 and N2O were increased by the amendment of rice residues. Significantly positive correlation was found between N2O and CO2 fluxes (R = 0.650*−0.870*, P ≤ 0.05). The cumulative emissions during the early stage of the incubation (<25 days after residue addition) accounted for about 67%–86% and 67%–80% of the total amount of CO2 and N2O emissions, respectively. Cumulative emissions and emission factors of the two gases were higher in the soils amended with rice straw than those with rice root. The two gas fluxes were positively correlated with microbial biomass C and N, as well as soluble organic C. N2O flux was positively correlated with NH4 +–N content at the early stage (<25 days), and negatively with NO3 −–N content at the later stage of this incubation (25–55 days), implying that both nitrification and denitrification may have contributed to N2O production.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Explore related subjects
Discover the latest articles, news and stories from top researchers in related subjects.Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
Alef, K., & Nannipieri, P. (1995). Methods in applied soil microbiology and biochemistry (pp. 385–389). London, Great Britain: Academic.
Azam, F., Muller, C., Weiske, A., Benckiser, G., & Ottow, J. C. G. (2002). Nitrification and denitrification as sources of atmospheric nitrous oxide: Role of oxidisable carbon and applied nitrogen. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 35, 54–61.
Baggs, E. M., Rees, R. M., Smith, K. A., & Vinten, A. J. A. (2000). Nitrous oxide emission from soils after incorporating crop residues. Soil Use and Management, 16, 82–87.
Bouwman, A. F. (1998). Nitrous oxides and tropical agriculture. Nature, 392, 866–867.
Brookes, P. C., Landman, A., Pruden, G., & Jenkinson, D. S. (1985). Chloroform fumigation and the release of soil nitorgen: A rapid direct extraction method to measure microbial biomass nitrogen in soil. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 17, 837–842.
Chantigny, M. H. (2003). Dissolved and water-extractable organic matter in soils: A review on the influence of land use and management practices. Geoderma, 113, 357–380.
Curtin, D., Selles, F., Wang, H., Campbell, C. A., & Biederbeck, V. O. (1998). Carbon dioxide emissions and transformation of soil carbon and nitrogen during wheat straw decomposition. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 62, 1035–1041.
Flessa, H., & Beese, F. (1995). Effect of sugarbeet residues on soil redox potential and nitrous oxide emission. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 59, 1044–1051.
Flessa, H., Potthoff, M., & Loftfield, N. (2002). Greenhouse estimates of CO2 and N2O emissions following surface application of grass mulch: Importance of indigenous microflora of mulch. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 34, 875–879.
Groffman, P. M., & Crawford, M. K. (2003). Denitrification potential in urban riparian zones. Journal of Environmental Quality, 32, 1144–1149.
Huang, Y., Zou, J., Zheng, X., Wang, Y., & Xu, X. (2004). Nitrous oxide emissions as influenced by amendment of plant residues with different C:N rations. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 36, 973–981.
Inubushi, K., Goyal, S., Sakamoto, K., Wada, Y., Yamakawa, K., & Arai, T. (2000). Influences of application of sewage sludge compost on N2O production in soils. Chemosphere. Global Change Science, 2, 329–334.
Inubushi, K., Naganuma, H., & Kitahara, S. (1996). Contribution of denitrification and autotrophic and heterotrophic nitrification to nitrous oxide production in andosols. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 23, 292–298.
IPCC (2000). Good practice guidance and uncertainty management in National Greenhouse gas inventories (pp. 4.53–4.76). Tokyo: IGES.
IPCC (2001). Climate change 2001: The scientific basis, summary for policymakers (p. 12). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Kaiser, E. A., Hohrs, K., Kucke, M., Schnug, E., Heinemeyer, O., & Munch, J. C. (1998). Nitrous oxide release from arable soil: Importance of N-fertilization, crops and temporal variation. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 30, 1553–1563.
Keeney, D. R., & Nelson, D. W. (1982). Nitrogen – inorganic forms. In A. Page, D. Miller, & D. Keeney (Eds.), Methods of soil analysis, part 2, chemical and microbiological properties (pp. 643–655). Madison, Wisconsin.
Kroeze, C., Mosier, A., & Bouwman, A. F. (1999). Closing the global N2O budget: A retrospective analysis 1500–1994. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 13, 1–8.
Lal, R., & Kimble, J. (1995). Soils and global change. In Advances in Soil Science (pp. 1–8). CRC.
Lou, Y., Li, Z., & Zhang, T. (2003). Carbon dioxide flux in a subtropical agricultural soil of China. Water, Air and Soil Pollution, 149, 281–293.
Lu, Y., Watanabe, A., & Kimura, M. (2003). Carbon dynamics of rhizodeposites, root and shoot-residues in a rice soil. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 35, 1223–1230.
Maag, M., & Vinther, F. P. (1999). Effect of temperature and water on gaseous emissions from soils treated with animal slurry. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 63, 858–865.
Magill, A. H., & Aber, J. D. (2000). Dissolved organic carbon and nitrogen relationships in forest litter as affected by nitrogen deposition. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 32, 603–613.
Maljanen, M., Liikanen, A., Silvola, J., & Martikainen, P. J. (2003). Nitrous oxide emissions from boreal organic soil under different land-use. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 35, 1–12.
McTaggart, I. P., Clayton, H., Parker, J., Swan, L., & Smith, K. A. (1997). Nitrous oxide emission from grassland and spring barley, following N fertilizer application with and without nitrification inhibitors. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 25, 261–268.
Millar, N., & Baggs, E. M. (2004). Chemical composition, or quality, of agroforestry residues influences N2O emissions after their addition to soil. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 36, 935–943.
Millar, N., & Baggs, E. M. (2005). Relationships between N2O emissions and water-soluble C and N contents of agroforestry residues after their addition to soil. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 37, 605–608.
Mosier, A. R. (1998). Soil processes and global change. Biololgy and Fertility of Soils, 27, 221–229.
Page, A. L., Miller, R. H., & Keeney, D. R. (1982). Methods of soil analysis, part 2 – Chemical and microbiological properties, 2nd edition (pp. 643–655). Madison, Wisconsin USA.
Puget, P., & Drinkwater, L. E. (2001). Short-term dynamics of root-and shoot-derived carbon from a leguminous green manure. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 65, 771–779.
Raich, J. W., & Potter, C. S. (1995). Global patterns of carbon dioxide emissions from soils. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 9, 23–36.
Shelp, M. L., Beauchamp, E. G., & Thurell, G. W. (2000). Nitrous oxide emissions from soil amended with glucose, alfalfa, or corn residues. Communication in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 31, 877–892.
Soil Taxonomic Classification Research Group of China (1993). Chinese soil taxonomic classification, 1st edition (p. 112). Beijing: Science press.
SPSS Inc. (2000). SPSS for windows, Version 10.0 (pp. 57–90). Chicago, Illinois: SPSS.
Vance, E. D., Brookes, P. C., & Jenkinson, D. S. (1987). An extraction method for measuring soil microbial biomass C. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 19, 703–707.
Van Soest, P. J., & Wine R. H. (1968). Determination of lignin and cellulose in acid-detergent fibre with permanganate. Journal of the Association of Official Agricultural Chemists, 51, 780–785.
Weier, K. L., Doran, J. W., Power, J. F., & Walters, D. T. (1993). Denitrification and the dinitrogen/nitrous oxide ratio as affected by soil water, available carbon, and nitrate. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 57, 66–72.
Witt, C., Cassmann, K. G., Olk, D. C., Biker, U., Liboon, S. P., Samson, M. I., et al. (2000). Crop rotation and residue management effects on carbon sequestration, nitrogen cycling and productivity of irrigated rice systems. Plant and Soil, 225, 263–278.
Acknowledgments
This study was jointly funded by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Prov., China (BK2004104), the Key Knowledge Innovation Project, CAS (KZCX3SW417), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (40471066), and the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science in the form of a postdoctoral fellowship to Dr Lou Y (P04429).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Lou, Y., Ren, L., Li, Z. et al. Effect of Rice Residues on Carbon Dioxide and Nitrous Oxide Emissions from a Paddy Soil of Subtropical China. Water Air Soil Pollut 178, 157–168 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-006-9187-x
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-006-9187-x