Abstract
Water quality degradation in the Brantas’ river will increase from the year to year due to increasing of the wastewater production as well as forests and land degradations resulting from population growth, urbanization and economic and industrial developments. Assessment of river water pollution is usually conducted by a comparison between the effective water quality and the standards regulated by law. The formulation of the water quality standards are commonly considered either the water utilization purposes or the water quality degradation. The water quality evaluation system (WQES) is used to evaluate the available water condition that distinguishes into two categories i.e., the water quality index (WQI) and water quality aptitude (WQA). The assessment of the Brantas river water quality from five selected stations was found that the WQI situates in the very bad class and the WQA ranges from most suitable quality for agriculture uses to unsuitable for leisure and sport activities.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Explore related subjects
Discover the latest articles, news and stories from top researchers in related subjects.Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
Aston SR, Thornton I, Webb JS, Purves JB, Milford BL (1974) Stream sediment composition: an aid to water quality assessment. Water Air Soil Pollut 3(3):321–325
Balogh SJ, Swainand EB, Nollet YH (2008) Characteristics of mercury speciation in Minnesota rivers and streams. Environ Pollut 154(1):3–11
Bordalo AA, Teixeira R, Wiebe WJ (2006) A water quality index applied to an international shared river basin: the case of the Douro River. Environ Manage 38:910–920
Castela J, Ferreira V, Graça MAS (2008) Evaluation of stream ecological integrity using litter decomposition and benthic invertebrates. Environ Pollut 153(2):440–449
Comoretto L, Arfib B, Talva R et al (2008) Runoff of pesticides from rice fields in the Ile de Camargue (Rhône river delta, France): field study and modeling. Environ Pollut 151(3):486–493
Dahal BM, Fuerhacker M, Mentler A et al (2008) Arsenic contamination of soils and agricultural plants through irrigation water in Nepal. Environ Pollut 155(1):157–163
Dunlop JE, Horrigan N, McGregor G et al (2008) Effect of spatial variation on salinity tolerance of macro-invertebrates in Eastern Australia and implications for ecosystem protection trigger values. Environ Pollut 151(3):621–630
Fulazzaky MA (2005) Assessment of river water quality degradation of the Citarum and Brantas rivers by using a new developed water quality index system. In: Proceeding of the 2nd Southeast Asia water forum: better water management through public participation, Bali, Indonesia, 31 August to 3 September 2005
Fulazzaky MA (2008) Water quality evaluation system to assess the river water quality. Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia Colloquium (UTHM’s colloquium 2008)
Hartmann J, Lev JK, Okada N (2006) Managing surface water contamination in Nagoya, Japan: an integrated water basin management decision framework. Water Resour Manag 20(3):411–430
Holvoet K, Gevaert V, van Griensven A et al (2007) Modelling the effectiveness of agricultural measures to reduce the amount of pesticides entering surface waters. Water Resour Manag 21(12):2027–2035
Hoorman J, Hone T, Sudman T, Dirksen T, Iles J, Islam KR (2008) Agricultural impacts on lake and stream water quality in Grand Lake St. Marys, Western Ohio. Water Air Soil Pollut 193(1–4):309–322
Lizcano IJ, Radha Krishnan KP, Fan LT, Erickson LE (1974) Identification of parameters in transient water quality models from stochastic data. Water Air Soil Pollut 3(3):261–278
Meeroff DE, Bloetscher F, Bocca T, Morin F (2008) Evaluation of water quality impacts of on-site treatment and disposal systems on urban coastal waters. Water Air Soil Pollut 192(1–4):11–24
Mohr S, Feibicke M, Berghahn R et al (2008) Response of plankton communities in freshwater pond and stream mesocosms to the herbicide metazachlor. Environ Pollut 152(3):530–542
Muhammetoglu A, Muhammetoglu H, Oktas S et al (2005) Impact assessment of different management scenarios on water quality of Porsuk river and dam system—Turkey. Water Resour Manag 19(2):199–210
Nunes ML, Ferreira Da Silva E, De Almeida SFP (2003) Assessment of water quality in the Caima and Mau river basins (Portugal) using geochemical and biological indices. Water Air Soil Pollut 150(1–4):227–250
Orihel DM, Paterson MJ, Blanchfield PJ et al (2008) Temporal changes in the distribution, methylation, and bioaccumulation of newly deposited mercury in an aquatic ecosystem. Environ Pollut 154(1):77–88
Oudin LC, Meybeck M, Roussel P (1999) Système d’évaluation de la qualité de l’eau des cours d’eau. Rapport de presentation SEQ-Eau (version 1). Agence de l’eau Loire-Bretagne, France
Sari I, Wan Omar WM (2008) Assessing the water quality index of Air Itam dam, Penang, Malaysia. International Conference on Environmental Research and Technology (ICERT 2008)
Sedeño-Díaz JE, López-López E (2007) Water quality in the Río Lerma, Mexico: an overview of the last quarter of the twentieth century. Water Resour Manag 21(10):1797–1812
Sánchez E, Colmenarejo MF, Vicente J, Rubio A, García MG, Travieso L, Borja R (2006) Use of the water quality index and dissolved oxygen deficit as simple indicators of watersheds pollution. Ecol Indicat 7:315–328
Shastry JS, Fan LT, Erickson LE (1972) Analysis of water quality data using spectral analysis. Water Air Soil Pollut 1(3):233–256
Shuhaimi-Othman M, Lim EC, Mushrifah I (2007) Water quality changes in Chini lake, Pahang, West Malaysia. Environ Monit Assess 131:279–292
Singh AP, Ghosh SK, Sharma P (2007) Water quality management of a stretch of river Yamuna: an interactive fuzzy multi-objective approach. Water Resour Manag 21(2):515–532
Spurgeon DJ, Rowland P, Ainsworth G et al (2008) Geographical and pedological drivers of distribution and risks to soil fauna of seven metals (Cd, Cu, Cr, Ni, Pb, V and Zn) in British soils. Environ Pollut 153(2):273–283
Tafangenyasha C, Dube LT (2008) An investigation of the impacts of agricultural runoff on the water quality and aquatic organisms in a Lowveld Sand river system in Southeast Zimbabwe. Water Resour Manag 22(3):119–130
Teuchies J, de Deckere E, Bervoets L et al (2008) Influence of tidal regime on the distribution of trace metals in a contaminated tidal freshwater marsh soil colonized with common reed (Phragmites australis). Environ Pollut 155(1):20–30
Tsegaye T, Sheppard D, Islam KR, Tadesse W, Atalay A, Marzen L (2006) Development of chemical index as a measure of in-stream water quality in response to land-use and land cover changes. Water Air Soil Pollut 174(1–4):161–179
Zheng N, Wang Q, Liangand Z et al (2008) Characterization of heavy metal concentrations in the sediments of three freshwater rivers in Huludao City, Northeast China. Environ Pollut 154(1):135–142
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Fulazzaky, M.A. Water Quality Evaluation System to Assess the Brantas River Water. Water Resour Manage 23, 3019–3033 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-009-9421-6
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-009-9421-6