X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy was used to monitor the products formed during the breakdown of the engine additive ZDDP during its action as a protective tribochemical agent. This investigation examines the film formed under various physical conditions on a near hypereutectic Al–Si alloy. For the first time, tribochemical films (tribofilms) formed on a high silicon weight content alloy, with virtually no ferrous component have been studied. Phosphorus K- and L-edge spectroscopies show that under typical engine operating conditions, the tribofilms have similar chemical composition over a range of different test conditions. X-ray photoelectron emission microscopy (X-PEEM) reveals that the polyphosphate glasses formed vary in chain length within localized regions. The mechanical properties of the substrate and the tribofilms were acquired using a Triboscope® from Hysitron Inc. The elastic moduli can be extracted from the indentation curves and show that the tribofilms’ mechanical properties are similar to those of the tribofilms which form on steel under similar conditions.
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Acknowledgments
The authors would like to thank Mr. Ross Davidson and the rest of the staff at Surface Science Western (SSW) for assistance in acquiring the SEM/EDX data. We are also grateful to Mr. Phil Shaw, of the Physics Machine Shop, and to Dr. Leighton Coatsworth both from The University of Western Ontario. We are also obliged to Dr. Kim Tan and Dr. Astrid Jürgensen, from the Canadian Synchrotron Radiation Facility (CSRF), University of Wisconsin, Madison, for their technical support; Imperial Oil of Canada (ESSO) for oil additives; and the National Science Foundation (NSF) for supporting the SRC under grant # DMR-0084402. This work was financially supported by the National Research Council of Canada (NRC) and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC), Centre for Automotive Materials and Manufacturing (CAMM), an agency supported through the Ontario Research and Development Challenge Fund (ORDCF), General Motor of Canada Ltd., General Motors R&D center and Hysitron Inc.
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Pereira, G., Lachenwitzer, A., Nicholls, M. et al. Chemical characterization and nanomechanical properties of antiwear films fabricated from ZDDP on a near hypereutectic Al–Si alloy. Tribol Lett 18, 411–427 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11249-004-3592-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11249-004-3592-3