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APPENDIX A: DATA DETAILS
APPENDIX A: DATA DETAILS
The National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth (NLSCY) is an ongoing survey of Canadian children designed to help analyse child development and well-being. There are four cycles of data available to date with interviews in 1994, 1996, 1998 and 2000 with the expectation of continued biennial interviews until the children reach the age of 25. In addition to the longitudinal file, cross-sectional data are available for each survey year yielding nationally representative results when the sampling weights are applied. Children are aged 0–17 in 2000. Additional children are added to cross-sectional files in each survey year in order to maintain a nationally and provincially representative sample.
The sample for the NLSCY was originally drawn from the Labour Force Survey (a monthly survey by Statistics Canada used to produce labour force information). The survey uses a multistage probability sample where each province is an independent sample. Through stratification, cities, small urban areas and rural areas are broken down into clusters of dwellings from which households are surveyed. From the LFS, households containing children could be selected for the NLSCY. Note that the LFS excludes those living in institutions and on Indian Reserves. In cycle one, 22,831 children were interviewed which included about 5,000 children from households of those in the National Population Health Survey. These children were dropped from the second cycle due to budget constraints. In cycle one, up to four children per household were interviewed but by cycle two, only two children per household were interviewed (for those households with more than two children, those interviewed were randomly selected). Again, this was due to budget constraints. However there was a large increase in the number of children 0–5 year olds interviewed leading to a total sample of 20,025 children in cycle two. For cycle three, no new siblings of children already in the survey were interviewed (as they were in cycle two) but new children selected from the Labour Force Survey households and birth registries increased the sample size to 31,194 0–15 year olds. For our study, we focus on children aged 2–13 years in 1998.
National Survey of American Families
The National Survey of American Families (NSAF) is part of a project designed to help monitor changes in social programs along with changes in the well-being of children and families across the United States. The 1999 NSAF is the second in a series of cross-sectional household surveys (a third is planned for 2002) which is nationally representative of children, adults under 65 years of age and their families.
The NSAF uses a random-digit dialling technique to select households along with a supplementary area sample in person as there are a disproportionate number of families with low-incomes who do not own a telephone. For budget reasons, if there was more than one child under 6 years of age then only one was randomly selected. Similarly, only one child 6–17 years of age was selected so there are a maximum of two children surveyed for each household. Data were collected through the most knowledgeable adult (mka) about the child as well as additional information on the mka him/herself and any spouse/partner of the mka. The total sample size of children 0–17 years of age is 35,938 from 29,587 households. In this study we exclude children over 13 years of age as well as emancipated minors (of which there are 26).
The National Longitudinal Survey of Youth
The National Longitudinal Survey Youth (NLSY), 1979 is an ongoing survey which gathers information on men and women aged 14–21 as of the end of 1978. Beginning in 1979 and continuing annually until 1994 and biennially since, information on labour, health and other characteristics of this group has been collected and used to make inferences about the entire US population born in the same time period. Since 1986, the children of females in the original sample have been assessed every 2 years for a variety of well-being and achievement indicators.
The original sample was represented by a multi-stage probability sample originally drawn by the Bureau of the Census. From a total of 235 sample areas across the US representing every state and the District of Columbia, a single primary sampling unit (PSU) was chosen to represent that area. Within the PSU, a probability sample of households was chosen to get a nationally representative sample. Originally, there were 6,283 females in the NLSY sample. By 1998, the most recent year for which child information is available, there were 4,299 females of which 3,221 were mothers with a total of 5,343 children under the age of 15 included the survey. For this study, we include children 2–13. Weighted results from these data will be nationally representative of all children 0–13 born to mothers who were 33–40 by December 31, 1997.
Health Survey for England – 1998
The Health Survey for England is a cross-sectional health survey carried out annually since 1990. It is designed to monitor trends in the nation’s health through a large range of health questions. Each person in the household is included in the survey with a maximum of two children aged 2–15 (a random selection is made for households with three or more children 2–15). In 1998, the sample size was 19,654 individuals including 3,746 aged 2–15. Information in the survey includes household income, size and area of residence as well as labour force and education information for the adults.
Norwegian Health Survey – 1995
The 1995 Health Survey for Norway is designed to analyse the overall health of Norwegians as well as study differences in health among groups within the population. Information is collected on health conditions, health-care utilization and factors which may influence health at the household and individual level. The survey represents the population of all age groups with a sample size of 10,248 with 2,146 aged 0–15 years. Along with information on health and health-care utilization, the survey includes education, labour force and income variables.
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Phipps, S. Health Outcomes for CHILDREN in Canfrrada, England, Norway and the United States. Soc Indic Res 80, 179–221 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-006-9025-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-006-9025-y