Abstract
Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz), a perennial woody shrub, is known to be highly productive under favourable conditions and produce reasonably well under adverse conditions where other crops fail. Using constant heat sap flow sensors, sap flow density (F d ) of cassava was monitored for 10 days in December 2002. Sap flow was highly correlated (R 2=0.72, P<0.05) to incoming solar radiation (R s) than to other climatic factors. Using cross-correlation analysis, no time shift was detected between F d and solar radiation, whereas vapour pressure deficit (VPD) lags F d by 110 min. Solar radiation and VPD together explained 83% of diurnal variation in sap flow. Whole-plant transpiration ranged from 0.8 to 1.2 mm day−1 and daily canopy conductance (g c), computed based on the inverted Penman–Monteith model, varied between 0.7 and 2.1 mm s−1 (mean = 1.4 ± 0.5 mm s−1). For the measurement period, characterized by high evaporative demand coupled with low available soil water, transpiration accounted for 21% of the available energy and was only able to meet 24% of the atmospheric water demand. Average decoupling factor (Ω) of 0.05±0.02 estimated suggested that a 10% change in g c may lead to more than 9% change in transpiration which further supports the notion that stomata play significant role in regulating cassava water use compared to other known mechanisms. Beyond light saturation (R s >300 W m−2) and at higher VPD (>1.0 kPa), wind effects on the canopy transpiration under water stress condition were low, while VPD explains 94% of the observed variance in daily canopy conductance.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Explore related subjects
Discover the latest articles, news and stories from top researchers in related subjects.Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
Adu S V and Mensah-Ansah J A 1995 Soils of the Afram basin: Ashanti and Eastern regions, Ghana. Soil Research institute, CSIR. Memoir no. 12, 17–53.
W A Agyare (2004) Soil Characterisation and Modelling of Spatial Distribution of Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity at Two Sites in the Volta Basin of Ghana Cuvillier Verlag Germany 194
Aina O O, Dixon A G O, Akoroda M O, Akinrinde E A 2004 Influence of soil water stress on vegetative growth and yield of cassava genotypes under screen house conditions. In Proceedings of the 9th Triennial Symposium-ISTRC-1–7, Nov, Mombassa, Kenya (in press)
A A C Alves T L Setter (2000) ArticleTitleResponse of cassava to water deficit: leaf area growth and abscisic acid Crop Sci. 40 131–137 Occurrence Handle10.2135/cropsci2000.401131x
A A C Alves T L Setter (2004) ArticleTitleResponse of cassava leaf area expansion to water deficit: cell proliferation, cell expansion and delayed development Ann. Bot. 94 605–613 Occurrence Handle10.1093/aob/mch179 Occurrence Handle15319226
D A Bates (1962) Geology of Ghana J B Wills (Eds) Agriculture and Land Use in Ghana Ministry of Food and Agriculture, Oxford University Press Ghana 7–50
Blum A 1996 Yield potential and drought resistance: are they mutually exclusive? In Increasing Yield Potential in Wheat: Breaking the Barriers. Eds. M P Reynolds et al. pp 90–100. Proceedings of a Workshop held in Ciudad OBREGON, Sonora, Mexico. CIMMYT, Mexico D F
P Braun J Schmid (1999) ArticleTitleSap flow measurement in grapevines (Vitis viniferal L.) 2.Granier measurements Plant Soil 215 47–55 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXos1amsg%3D%3D
D J Connor J H Cock G E Parra (1981) ArticleTitleResponse of cassava to water shortage. I. Growth and yield Field Crops Res. 4 181–200
D J Connor J Palta (1981) ArticleTitleResponse of cassava to water shortage. III. Stomata control of plant water status Field Crops Res. 4 297–311
M A El-sharkawy J H Cock (1984) ArticleTitleWater use efficiency of cassava. I Effects of air humidity and water stress on stomata conductance and gas exchange Crop Sci. 24 497–502 Occurrence Handle10.2135/cropsci1984.0011183X002400030018x
M A El-sharkawy J H Cock (1987) ArticleTitleResponse of cassava to water stress Plant Soil 100 345–360
M A El-sharkawy J H Cock A A K Held (1984) ArticleTitleWater use efficiency of cassava. II Differing sensitivity of stomata to air humidity in cassava and other warm-climate species Crop Sci. 24 503–507 Occurrence Handle10.2135/cropsci1984.0011183X002400030018x
A Granier (1987) ArticleTitleEvaluation of transpiration in a Douglas-fir stand by means of sap flow measurements Tree Physiol. 3 309–320 Occurrence Handle14975915
A Granier R Huc S T Barigah (1996) ArticleTitleTranspiration of natural rain forest and and its dependence on climatic factors Agric. For. Meteorol. 78 19–29 Occurrence Handle10.1016/0168-1923(95)02252-X
S R Green K G McNaughton (1997) ArticleTitleModelling effective stomatal resistance for calculation transpiration from an apple tree Agric. For. Metrol. 83 11–26
R J Hillocks (2002) Cassava in Africa R J Hillocks J M Thresh A C Bellolli (Eds) Cassava: Biology, Production and Utilization CAB International Wallingford 41–54
InstitutionalAuthorNameIITA (1997) Cassava in Africa: past, present and future International Institute of Tropical Agriculture Ibadan, Nigeria
P Lu E K Chacko (1998) ArticleTitleEvaluation of Granier’s sap flow meter in mango (Mangifera indica L.) trees Agronomie 18 461–471
P Lu I A M Yunusa R R Walker J Müller (2003) ArticleTitleRegulation of canopy conductance and transpiration and their modeling in irrigated grapevines Funct. Plant Biol. 30 689–698 Occurrence Handle10.1071/FP02181
J L Monteith M H Unsworth (1990) Principles of Environmental Physics Arnold New York
Nweke F 2004 New challenges in the cassava transformation in Nigeria and Ghana EPTD Discussion Paper No. 118, IFPRI, Washington D.C. 20006, U.S.A. p. 103
P G Oguntunde N Giesen Particlevan de P L G Vlek H Eggers (2004) ArticleTitleWater Flux in a Cashew Orchard during a Wet-to-Dry Transition Period: Analysis of Sap Flow and Eddy Correlation Measurements Earth Interactions 8, Paper 15 1–17
H L Penman (1948) ArticleTitleNatural evaporation from open water bare soil and grass Proc. Roy. Soc. Ser A 193 120–146 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DyaH1c%2FgvFGltg%3D%3D
N Phillips A Nagchaudhuri R G Oren (1997) ArticleTitleTime constant for water transport in loblolly pine trees estimated from time series of evaporative demand and tem sap flow Trees 11 412–419 Occurrence Handle10.1007/s004680050102
S Rehm G Espig (1991) The Cultivated Plants of the Tropics and Subtropics Verlag Josef Margraf Germany 243–247
A S Thom H R Oliver (1977) ArticleTitleOn Penman’s equation for estimating regional evaporation Quart. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 103 345–357 Occurrence Handle10.1256/smsqj.43609
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Oguntunde, P.G. Whole-Plant Water use and Canopy Conductance of Cassava Under Iimited Available Soil Water and Varying Evaporative Demand. Plant Soil 278, 371–383 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-005-0375-z
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-005-0375-z