Abstract
Tomato and pepper leaves were clipped with black leaf clips for dark adaptation under solar radiation in the late spring or early summer 2010 in southern Italy. The leaves showed highly variable maximum PSII quantum yield (Fv/Fm = 0.026−0.802) using a continuous-excitation fluorometer Pocket PEA. These results were confirmed using the modulated fluorometer FMS1 on tomato leaves in mid summer, with Fv/Fm as low as 0.222 ± 0.277 due to nearly equal minimum (Fo) and maximum (Fm) fluorescence emission. A significant clip effect on Fv/Fm occurred after only 12 (tomato) or 25 (pepper) min. Increasing the leaf temperature from 25 to 50°C reportedly induced an Fo increase and Fm decrease so that Fv/Fm approached zero. The hypothesis that black leaf clips overheated under intense solar irradiance was verified by shrouding the clipped leaves with aluminum foil. In clipped leaves of pepper, Fv/Fm with the black clip/Pocket-PEA was 0.769 ± 0.025 (shrouded) and as low as 0.271 ± 0.163 (nonshrouded), the latter showing a double Fo and 32% lower Fm. An 8% clip effect on Fv/Fm was observed with the white clip/FMS1. To avoid the clip effect in high irradiance environments, Fv/Fm measurements with black clip/Pocket PEA system required leaf dark adaptation with radiation-reflecting shrouds. It would be useful if manufacturing companies could develop better radiation-reflecting leaf clips for the Pocket PEA fluorometer.
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Abbreviations
- Chl a :
-
chlorophyll a
- F′:
-
Chl a fluorescence emission of leaves at steady-state under actinic light
- Fm :
-
maximum Chl a fluorescence emission in dark-adapted leaves
- Fm′:
-
maximum Chl a fluorescence emission in light-adapted leaves
- FMS1 :
-
fluorescence monitoring system fluorometer version 1 or subscript of a fluorescence parameter obtained with an FMS1 fluorometer
- Fo :
-
minimum Chl a fluorescence emission in dark-adapted leaves
- Fo′:
-
minimum Chl a fluorescence emission in light-adapted leaves
- Fp :
-
peak Chl a fluorescence emission induced by nonsaturating light
- FI:
-
fluorescence induction
- FTC:
-
fluorescence temperature curve
- Fv :
-
variable fluorescence in dark-adapted leaves
- Fv′:
-
variable fluorescence in light-adapted leaves
- Fv/Fm :
-
maximum quantum yield of PSII photochemistry in dark-adapted leaves
- Fv′/Fm′:
-
maximum quantum yield of PSII photochemistry in light-adapted leaves
- PAR:
-
photosynthetically active radiation
- PEA:
-
plant efficiency analyser fluorometer
- PPEA:
-
Pocket PEA fluorometer or subscript of a fluorescence parameter obtained with a PPEA fluorometer
- PSII:
-
photosystem II
- RC:
-
reaction centres of photosystems
- Rg:
-
global radiation
- SD:
-
standard deviation
- Tc :
-
temperature at start of Fo sharp increase in FTC
- Tm :
-
temperature of maximum Fo in FTC
- ΔF′/Fm′:
-
effective quantum yield of PSII photochemistry in light-adapted leaves
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Acknowledgements
This work was financed by the “SALVE” project of Regione Campania, within the framework of “PSR Misura N. 214”. The author thanks Dr. Patrizia Spigno, Dr. Riccardo Riccardi, and Mr. Pasquale Vitiello (EURECO, Naples, Italy) for their kind assistance in field trials, and the colleagues at CNR-I.S.A.FO.M. for helping in some preliminary trials (Dr. Gianpiero Guida), taking the clips picture (Dr. Giacomo Mele), assessing spring clip strength (Dr. Rosario Dell’Aquila), and measuring clip locating ring reflectance (Mr. Maurizio Tosca).
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Giorio, P. Black leaf-clips increased minimum fluorescence emission in clipped leaves exposed to high solar radiation during dark adaptation. Photosynthetica 49, 371–379 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11099-011-0040-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11099-011-0040-0