Abstract
Six months old in vitro-grown Anoectochilus formosanus plantlets were transferred to ex-vitro acclimation under low irradiance, LI [60 µmol(photon) m−2 s−1], intermediate irradiance, II [180 µmol(photon) m−2 s−1], and high irradiance, HI [300 µmol(photon) m−2 s−1] for 30 d. Imposition of II led to a significant increase of chlorophyll (Chl) b content, rates of net photosynthesis (P N) and transpiration (E), stomatal conductance (g s), electron transfer rate (ETR), quantum yield of electron transport from water through photosystem 2 (ΦPS2), and activity of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/ oxygenase (RuBPCO, EC 4.1.1.39). This indicates that Anoectochilus was better acclimated at II compared to LI treatment. On the other hand, HI acclimation led to a significant reduction of Chl a and b, P N, E, g s, photochemical quenching, dark-adapted quantum efficiency of open PS2 centres (Fv/Fm), probability of an absorbed photon reaching an open PS2 reaction centre (Fv′/Fm′), ETR, ΦPS2, and energy efficiency of CO2 fixation (ΦCO2/ΦPS2). This indicates that HI treatment considerably exceeded the photo-protective capacity and Anoectochilus suffered HI induced damage to the photosynthetic apparatus. Imposition of HI significantly increased the contents of antheraxanthin and zeaxanthin (ZEA), non-photochemical quenching, and conversion of violaxanthin to ZEA. Thus Anoectochilus modifies its system to dissipate excess excitation energy and to protect the photosynthetic machinery.
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Abbreviations
- ANT:
-
antheraxanthin
- Chl:
-
chlorophyll
- cis-LUT:
-
cis-lutein
- DEI:
-
de-epoxidation index
- DTT:
-
dithiothreitol
- E:
-
transpiration rate
- ETR:
-
electron transfer rate
- Fm′:
-
maximal Chl a fluorescence yield recorded during a short pulse of very high irradiance (less than 1 s and several thousands of µmol m−2 s−1)
- F0′:
-
minimal Chl a fluorescence yield recorded at very low irradiance (less than 1 µmol m−2 s−1)
- Fm′:
-
maximal Chl fluorescence in light-adapted state
- F0′:
-
minimal Chl fluorescence in light-adapted state
- Fv′:
-
variable Chl fluorescence in dark-adapted state
- Fv′:
-
variable Chl fluorescence in light-adapted state
- Fv/Fm :
-
quantum efficiency of open photosystem 2 centres
- FM:
-
fresh mass
- g s :
-
stomatal conductance
- G-6-P:
-
glucose-6-phosphate
- HI:
-
high irradiance
- II:
-
intermediate irradiance
- LI:
-
low irradiance
- MCE:
-
2-mercaptoethanol
- NPQ:
-
non-photochemical quenching
- P N :
-
net photosynthetic rate
- PPF:
-
photosynthetic photon flux
- PS2:
-
photosystem 2
- PVP:
-
polyvinylpyrrolidon
- qp :
-
coefficient of photochemical quenching
- RuBP:
-
ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate
- RuBPCO:
-
ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (EC 4.1.1.39)
- TEMED:
-
N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylenediamine
- VIO:
-
violaxanthin
- XC:
-
xanthophyll cycle
- ZE:
-
zeaxanthin epoxidase
- ZEA:
-
zeaxanthin
- ΦCO2 :
-
quantum yield to CO2 fixation
- ΦPS2 :
-
quantum yield of electron transport from water through PS2
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Pandey, D.M., Yu, K.W., Wu, R.Z. et al. Effects of different irradiances on the photosynthetic process during ex-vitro acclimation of Anoectochilus plantlets. Photosynthetica 44, 419–424 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11099-006-0045-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11099-006-0045-2