Abstract
Whole birch stems were cut off in order to determine how coppicing affects root and stump starch, glucose, fructose and sucrose concentrations and their correlation with shoot regeneration capacity. The Betula pubescens Ehrh. and B. pendula Roth studied included intact trees, trees that had been coppiced 8 years earlier, trees coppiced at the beginning of the experimental season, and birches that had been coppiced twice, 8 years earlier and at the beginning of the experimental season. Carbohydrate accumulation differed between 8 years earlier coppiced and intact trees. Recent coppicing clearly decreased the starch and sugar concentrations of the roots, which were often highest in the thin roots. The concentrations of these compounds in the stumps were always low, although the carbohydrate concentrations of stumps, in particular, correlated with shoot regeneration capacity. Starch was the most labile of the carbohydrates measured and most clearly reacted to coppicing. Differences in starch- and sugar-reserve dynamics indicate a difference between these birch species in the use and replenishing of root and stump reserves. This information may also be of help when the effects of other stresses, for example, severe animal damage or burning, on the regrowth of young birch stands are estimated.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
S.A. Abod A.D. Webster (1991) ArticleTitleCarbohydrates and their effects on the growth and establishment of TiliaBetula. I. Seasonal changes in soluble and insoluble carbohydrates. J. Hort. Sci. 66 235–246 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK38Xls1Okur4%3D
P. Babeux Y. Mauffette (1994) ArticleTitleThe effects of early and late spring cuts on the sprouting success of red maple (Acer rubrum) in northwestern Quebec Can. J. For. Res. 24 785–791
M. Bédéneau D. Auclair (1989) ArticleTitleA comparison of coppice and single-stem root distribution using spiral trenches Acta Oecol. Oecol. Appl. 10 213–220
H.U. Bergmeyer (Eds) (1984) Methods of Enzymatic Analysis. 3rd edn Vol. VI. Verlag, ChemieWeinheimDeerfield Beach/Florida Basel 2–18
Bergmeyer H.U. and Bernt E. 1974. Methoden der Enzymatischen Analyse. 3 Aufl. Bd. 2, S. Verlag, Chemie, Weinmeim, pp. 1221–1224.
H.O. Beutler (1978) ArticleTitleEnzymatische Bestimmung von Stärke in Lebensmitteln mit Hilfe der Hexokinase Methode Starch/Stärke 30 309–312 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaE1cXlvFGmsro%3D
Boehringer Mannheim GMBH, Biohemica 1989. Methods of Biochemical Analysis and Food Analysis Using Test-Combinations. pp. 118–120 and 130–133.
G. Bory M.D. Sidibe D. Clair-Maczulajtys (1991) ArticleTitleEffets du recépage sur les réserves glucidiques et lipidiques du ȁ8faux-vernis du Japonȁ9 (Ailanthus glandulosa Desf, Simarubacées) Ann. Sci. For. 48 1–13
B.J. Bowen J.S. Pate (1993) ArticleTitleThe significance of root starch in post-fire shoot recovery of the resprouter Stirlingia latifolia R. Br. (Proteaceae) Ann. J. Bot. 72 7–16 Occurrence Handle10.1006/anbo.1993.1075
D. Dickmann K. Pregitzer (1992) The structure and dynamics of woody plant root systems C.P. Mitchell J.B. Ford-Robertson T. Hinckley L. Sennerby-Forsse (Eds) Ecophysiology of Short Rotation Crops. Elsevier Applied Science New York 95–124
T.K. Erdmann P.K.R. Nair B.T. Kang (1993) ArticleTitleEffects of cutting frequency and cutting height on reserve carbohydrates in Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Walp. For. Ecol. Manage. 57 45–60
S. Essiamah W. Eschrich (1985) ArticleTitleChanges of starch content in the storage tissues of deciduous trees during winter and spring IAWA Bull. ns 6 97–106
Finnish Meteorological Institute 2003. http://fmi.fi/saa/tilastot_94.html
R.D. FitzGerald J. Hoddinott (1983) ArticleTitleThe utilization of carbohydrates in aspen roots following partial or complete top removal Can. J. For. Res. 13 685–689 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaL3sXlslaqt7w%3D
H. Garcia P. Nygren L. Desfontaines (2001) ArticleTitleDynamics of nonstructural carbohydrates and biomass yield in a fodder legume at different harvest intensities Tree Physiol. 21 523–531 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXksFams7s%3D Occurrence Handle11359710
Gimingham C.H. 1984. Ecological aspects of birch. In: Henderson D.M. and Mann D. (eds) Birches. Proc. Royal Soc. Edinburgh 85B: 65–72.
M.G. Harrington (1989) ArticleTitleGambel oak root carbohydrate response to spring, summerand fall prescribed burning J. Range Manage. 42 504–507
J. Hytönen (1994) ArticleTitleEffect of cutting season, stump height and harvest damage on coppicing and biomass production of willow and birch Biomass Bioenergy 6 349–357 Occurrence Handle10.1016/0961-9534(94)E0029-R
T. Johansson (1992) ArticleTitleSprouting of 2- to 5-year-old birches (Betula pubescens Ehrh. and Betula pendula Roth.) in relation to stump height and felling time. For. Ecol. Manage. 53 263–281
T. Johansson (1993) ArticleTitleSeasonal changes in contents of root starch and soluble carbohydrates in 4–6-year old Betula pubescensPopulus tremula Scand. J. For. Res. 8 94–106
P. Kallio S. Niemi M. Sulkinoja T. Valanne (1983) ArticleTitleThe Fennoscandian birch and its evolution in the marginal forest zone Collect. Nordicana 47 101–110
A. Kauppi M. Kiviniitty A. Ferm (1988a) ArticleTitleGrowth habits and crown architecture of Betula pubescens Ehrh. Of seed and sprout origin. Can. J. For. Res. 18 1603–1613
A. Kauppi P. Rinne A. Ferm (1988b) ArticleTitleSprouting ability and significance for coppicing of dormant buds in Betula pubescens Ehrh. stumps. Scand. J. For. Res. 3 343–354
A. Kauppi M. Kiviniitty A. Ferm (1990) ArticleTitleLeaf morphology and photosynthetic rate in birch seedlings and stump sprouts Can. J. For. Res. 20 952–960
J.S. Kays C.D. Canham (1991) ArticleTitleEffects of time and frequency of cutting on hardwood root reserves and sprout growth For. Sci. 37 524–539
J.D. Keller W.H. Loescher (1989) ArticleTitleNonstructural carbohydrate partitioning in perennial parts of sweet cherry J. Am. Soc. Hort. Sci. 114 969–975 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK3cXjtlCnug%3D%3D
T.E. Kolb L.H. McCormick E.E. Simons D.J. Jeffery (1992) ArticleTitleImpacts of pear thrips damage on root carbohydratesap, and crown characteristics of sugar maples in a Pennsylvania sugarbush For. Sci. 38 381–392
K.R. Kosola D.I. Dickmann D. Parry (2002) ArticleTitleCarbohydrates in individual poplar fine roots: effects of root age and defoliation Tree Physiol. 22 741–746 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38Xlsl2murc%3D Occurrence Handle12091156
T.T. Kozlowski P.J. Kramer S.G. Pallardy (1991) The Physiological Ecology of Woody Plants Academic Press, Inc., Harcourt Brace Jovanovitch Publishers London
W.H. Loescher T. McCamant J.D. Keller (1990) ArticleTitleCarbohydrate reserves, translocation, and storage in woody plant roots HortScience 25 274–281 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK3cXhslGms74%3D
K. Masaka Y. Ohno K. Yamada (2000) ArticleTitleFire tolerance and the fire-related sprouting characteristics of two cool-temperate broad-leaved tree species Ann. Bot. 85 137–142 Occurrence Handle10.1006/anbo.1999.1007
P. Mikola (1942) ArticleTitleKoivun vesomisesta ja sen metsänhoidollisesta merkityksestä. Referat: Uber die Aussuchlagsbildung bei der Birke und ihre forstliche Bedeutung Acta For. Fenn. 50 1–102
Mononen K. 2001. L*a*b* (CIELAB) color measurement and analysis of methanol soluble extractives from secondary xylem of silver birch (B. pendula) as a function of growing site, felling season, location in the stem, storage time and drying mode. Licentiate Thesis, Materials Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Joensuu, 120 p.
E.A. Nelson R.E. Dickson (1981) ArticleTitleAccumulation of food reserves in cottonwood stems during dormancy induction Can. J. For. Res. 11 145–154
K. Paukkonen A. Kauppi (1998) ArticleTitleEffect of coppicing on root system morphology and its significance for subsequent shoot regeneration of birches Can. J. For. Res. 28 1870–1878 Occurrence Handle10.1139/cjfr-28-12-1870
R. Piispanen P. Saranpää (2001a) ArticleTitleVariation of non-structural carbohydrates in silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) wood. Trees 15 444–451 Occurrence Handle10.1007/s004680100125 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XhvV2msw%3D%3D
Piispanen R. and Saranpa¨a¨ P. 2001b. Rauduskoivun varastoravintoaineet ja puuaineksen va¨rinmuutos kuivauksessa. In: Luostarinen K., Mo¨ tto¨nen V., Asikainen A., Pakkanen T., Saranpa¨a¨ P. and Tolonen Y. (eds) Koivun puuaineksen kemia ja va¨rinmuutokset kuivauksessa. Konsortion loppuraportti. [Chemistry and discolouration of birch wood. Final report.] Faculty of Forestry, University of Joensuu, Research Notes 134, pp. 7–21.
H. Raitio K. Paukkonen A. Kauppi (1994) ArticleTitleEffects of defoliation, nitrogen nutrition, and temperature on leafing and root carbohydrates of birch seedlings Can. J. For. Res. 24 1914–1920
A. Sakai S. Sakai (1998) ArticleTitleA test for the resource remobilization hypothesis: tree sprouting using carbohydrates from above-ground parts Ann. Bot. 82 213–216 Occurrence Handle10.1006/anbo.1998.0672 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXlslGnsbk%3D
J.S. Taylor T.J. Blake R.P. Pharis (1982) ArticleTitleThe role of plant hormones and carbohydrates in the growth and survival of coppiced Eucalyptus seedlings Physiol. Plant. 55 421–430 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaL38Xlt1Cis70%3D
T. Tschaplinski T.J. Blake (1995) ArticleTitleGrowth and carbohydrate status of coppice shoots of hybrid poplar following shoot pruning Tree Physiol. 15 333–338 Occurrence Handle14965957
A. Vaarama T. Valanne (1973) ArticleTitleOn the taxonomy, biology and origin of Betula tortuosa Ledeb Rep. Kevo Subarctic Res. Stat. 10 70–84
K.A. Vogt J. Bloomfield (1991) Tree root turnover and senescence Y. Waisel A. Eshel U. Kafkafi (Eds) Plant Roots. The Hidden Half. Marcel Dekker Inc. New York 287–306.
Z. Wang Z. Yuan B. Quebedeaux (1998) ArticleTitlePhotoperiod alters partitioning of newly-fixed 14C and reserve carbon into sorbitol, sucrose and starch in apple leaves, stems, and roots Aust. J. Plant Physiol. 25 503–506 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXks1Gksrg%3D
W.L. Webb K.J. Kilpatrick (1993) ArticleTitleStarch content in Douglas-fir: diurnal and seasonal dynamics For. Sci. 39 359–367
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Luostarinen, K., Kauppi, A. Effects of coppicing on the root and stump carbohydrate dynamics in birches. New Forest 29, 289–303 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11056-005-5653-3
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11056-005-5653-3