Summary
Sialic acids are a family of acidic sugars with a 9-carbon backbone, prominently expressed in animals of deuterostome lineage. Siglecs are the largest family of vertebrate endogenous receptors that recognize glycoconjugates containing sialic acids. Although a few Siglecs are well-conserved throughout vertebrate evolution and show similar binding preference regardless of the species of origin, most others, particularly the CD33-related subfamily of Siglecs, show marked inter-species differences in repertoire, sequence, and binding preference. The diversification of CD33-related Siglecs may be driven by direct competition against pathogens, and/or by necessity to catch up with the changing landscape of endogenous glycans, which may in turn be changing to escape exploitation by other pathogens.
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Abbreviations
- Neu5Ac:
-
N-acetylneuraminic acid
- Neu5Gc:
-
N-glycolylneuraminic acid
- KDN:
-
2-keto-3-deoxy-d-glycero-d-galacto-nononic acid
- Sia:
-
sialic acid, type not specified
- CMP-Neu5Ac:
-
cytidine 5′-monophospho-Neu5Ac
- Gal:
-
d-galactose
- GalNAc:
-
N-acetyl-d-galactosamine
- GlcNAc:
-
N-acetyl-d-glucosamine
- HexNAc:
-
N-acetyl-d-hexosamine, i.e., GlcNAc or GalNAc
- Fuc:
-
l-fucose
- ITIM:
-
immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif
- Sn:
-
sialoadhesin
- MAG:
-
myelin-associated glycoprotein
- SMP:
-
Schwann cell myelin protein
- CD33rSiglec:
-
CD33/Siglec-3–related Siglec
- EST:
-
expressed sequence tag
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Angata, T. Molecular diversity and evolution of the Siglec family of cell-surface lectins. Mol Divers 10, 555–566 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11030-006-9029-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11030-006-9029-1