Abstract
Adsorption of anionic dyes on the cross-linked with epichlorohydrin starches containing quaternary ammonium groups (CCS) was investigated and compared with that of modified starches containing only quaternary ammonium groups (CS). The adsorption of anionic dyes on CS and CCS closely follows the Langmuir model of adsorption. The computed Langmuir saturation capacity Q o increases with increasing degree of substitution (DS) of CS or CCS and has the value from 0.81 mol/kg to 3.22 mol/kg for CCS and from 0.88 mol/kg to 1.87 mol/kg for CS. The effectiveness of the cationic groups in dye binding was about 1 mol/equiv for CSS with DS from 0.47 to 0.62 and all the cationic groups had attached one anionic groups of the dye. Increasing DS of CS decreases the effectiveness of dye binding due to the increase in solubility of CS, and the soluble part of CS binds the dye as a typical soluble polyelectrolyte. CCS are more suitable than CS for the anionic dye adsorption from a textile dyeing solution. DS of CCS should be about 0.5–0.6. They adsorb the anionic dyes in few minutes and acts in the wide range of pH of the solutions. The Langmuir saturation capacity Q o and the effectiveness of the cationic groups in dye binding increase with an increase of the adsorption temperature. The positive values of the enthalpy and entropy suggest that the adsorption is endothermic and during the adsorption of the anionic dye on CCS the randomness of the system increases.
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Abbreviations
- AB 25:
-
C. I. Acid Blue 25
- AB 78:
-
C. I. Acid Blue 78
- AO 7:
-
C. I. Acid Orange 7
- AO 52:
-
C. I. Acid Orange 52
- AR 151:
-
C. I. Acid Red 151
- AY 36:
-
C. I. Acid Yellow 36
- AGU:
-
anhydroglucoside unit of starch
- DS:
-
degree of substitution
- CS:
-
cationic starch
- CCS:
-
cationic cross-linked starch
- EF:
-
effectiveness of the cationic groups
- EPCH:
-
epichlorohydrin
- SCS:
-
water-soluble cationic starch
- Q o :
-
saturation capacity
- ΔG°:
-
the change in free energy
- ΔH°:
-
the change in enthalpy
- ΔS°:
-
the change in entropy
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Klimaviciute, R., Riauka, A. & Zemaitaitis, A. The Binding of Anionic Dyes by Cross-Linked Cationic Starches. J Polym Res 14, 67–73 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10965-006-9082-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10965-006-9082-6