Abstract
The possibility of Bose-Einstein condensation of excitations has been discussed for a long time. The phenomenon of the phase-coherent precession of magnetization in superfluid 3He and the related effects of spin superfluidity are based on the true Bose-Einstein condensation of magnons. Several different states of coherent precession has been observed in 3He-B: homogeneously precessing domain (HPD); persistent signal formed by Q-balls at very low temperatures; coherent precession with fractional magnetization; and a mode of the coherent precession in compressed aerogel. The coherent precession has been also found in 3He-A in compressed aerogel. Here we demonstrate that all these cases are examples of a Bose-Einstein condensation of magnons, with the magnon interaction term in the Gross-Pitaevskii equation being provided by different types of spin-orbit coupling in the background of the coherent precession.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
C.J. Pethick, H. Smith, Bose-Einstein Condensation in Dilute Gases (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2002)
A.J. Leggett, Rev. Mod. Phys. 73, 307 (2001)
P.L. Kapitza, Nature 141, 74 (1938)
J.P. Eisenstein, A.H. MacDonald, Nature 432, 691 (2004)
J. Kasprzak et al., Nature 443, 409 (2006)
S.O. Democritov et al., Nature 443, 430 (2006)
C. Ruegg, Nature 423, 63 (2003)
E. Della Torre et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 147210 (2005)
T. Radu et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 127202 (2005)
D. Snoke, Nature 443, 403 (2006)
A.S. Borovik-Romanov et al., JETP Lett. 40, 1033 (1984)
I.A. Fomin, JETP Lett. 40, 1036 (1984)
I.A. Fomin, Physica B 169, 153 (1991)
Y.M. Bunkov, J. Low Temp. Phys. 135, 337 (2004)
Spin Supercurrent and Novel Properties of NMR in 3He, in Progress in Low Temp. Physics, vol. 14, ed. by W. Halperin (Elsevier, 1995), p. 69
G.E. Volovik, cond-mat/0701180
Y.M. Bunkov, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 310, 1476 (2007)
J. Elbs et al., arXiv:0707.3544
Y.M. Bunkov, G.E. Volovik, Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 265302 (2007)
T. Sato et al., to be published
V.V. Dmitriev et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 78, 86 (1997)
Y.M. Bunkov, G.E. Volovik, JETP 76, 794 (1993)
V.V. Dmitriev et al., JETP Lett. 76, 312 (2002)
I.A. Fomin, JETP Lett. 39, 466 (1984)
A.S. Borovik-Romanov et al., JETP Lett. 39, 469 (1984)
T. Kunimatsu et al., JETP Lett. 86 (2007)
S.R. Coleman, Nucl. Phys. B 262, 263 (1985)
A. Kusenko et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 80, 3185 (1998)
K. Enqvist, A. Mazumdar, Phys. Rep. 380, 99 (2003)
K. Enqvist, M. Laine, JCAP 0308, 003 (2003)
Y.M. Bunkov et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 69, 3092 (1992)
M.M. Salomaa, G.E. Volovik, Rev. Mod. Phys. 59, 533 (1987)
A.S. Chen et al., J. Low Temp. Phys. 110, 51 (1998)
D.I. Bradley et al., J. Low Temp. Phys. 134, 351 (1998)
D.J. Cousins et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 82, 4484 (1999)
Y.M. Bunkov, J. Low Temp. Phys. 138, 753 (2005)
V.V. Dmitriev et al., Phys. Rev. B 59, 165 (1999)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Bunkov, Y.M., Volovik, G.E. Bose-Einstein Condensation of Magnons in Superfluid 3He. J Low Temp Phys 150, 135–144 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10909-007-9530-7
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10909-007-9530-7