Abstract
A survey of the distribution of cyanobacterial blooms in the southern part of Belgium, in Luxembourg as well as in bordering northeastern France was carried out for 4 years (1997, 1999–2001). In the 64 cyanobacterial bloom samples collected, Microcystis as well as Planktothrix were the most frequently encountered dominant bloom formers, followed by Anabaena, Woronichinia, and Aphanizomenon. The relative frequency of (co-)dominant genera was highly correlated to the geology of the catchments. Microcystins were found in 53% of the analysed blooms and their presence was mainly assigned to Microcystis dominance. The highest microcystin concentration of 2231 μg g−1 seston DW was recorded in a sample dominated by Woronichinia naegeliana. Among the 6 investigated microcystin variants, MC-LR was the most frequently detected whereas MC-LY was never revealed.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
K. Anagnostidis J. Komárek (1985) ArticleTitleModern approach to the classification system of cyanophytes, 1-Introduction Archiv für Hydrobiologie Supplement, Algological Studies 38–39 291–302
K. Anagnostidis J. Komárek (1988) ArticleTitleModern approach to the classification system of cyanophytes, 3-Oscillatoriales Archiv für Hydrobiologie Supplement, Algological Studies 50–53 327–472
InstitutionalAuthorNameAPHA (1995) Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater American Public Health Association Washington
S. M. F. O. Azevedo W. W. Carmichael E. M. Jochimsen K. L. Rinehart S. Lau G. R. Shaw G. K. Eaglesham (2002) ArticleTitleHuman intoxication by microcystins during renal dialysis treatment in Caruaru-Brazil Toxicology 181–182 441–446 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0300-483X(02)00491-2 Occurrence Handle12505349
Bellière, J. & E. Groessens, 2000–2001. Le patrimoine sites et paysages-Les composantes naturelles des sites: géologie, pp. 59–72. In Tollet, R. (ed.), Bulletin de la Commission royale des Monuments, Sites et Fouilles-Tome 17. Région wallonne, Commission royale des Monuments, Sites et Fouilles, Liège.
M. Bouvy D. Falcao M. Marinho M. Pagano A. Moura (2000) ArticleTitleOccurrence of Cylindrospermopsis (cyanobacteria) in 39 Brazilian tropical reservoirs during the 1998 drought Aquatic Microbial Ecology 23 13–27
L. Bowling (1994) ArticleTitleOccurrence and possible causes of a severe cyanobacterial bloom in lake Cargelligo, New South Wales Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 45 737–745
C. W. C. Branco P. A. C. Senna (1994) ArticleTitleFactors influencing the development of Cylindrospermopsis and Microcystis aeruginosa in the Paranoá reservoir, Brasília, Brazil Archiv für Hydrobiologie Supplement, Algological Studies 75 85–96
J. F. Briand C. Leboulanger J. F. Humbert C. Bernard P. Dufour (2004) ArticleTitleCylindrospermopsis raciborskii (Cyanobacteria) invasion at mid-latitudes: selection, wide physiological tolerance, or global warming? Journal of Phycology 40 231–238
W. W. Carmichael (1994) ArticleTitleToxins of cyanobacteria Scientific American 270 78–86 Occurrence Handle8284661
W. W. Carmichael (2001) ArticleTitleHealth effects of toxin-producing cyanobacteria: ‘The CyanoHABs’’ Human and Ecological Risk Assessment 7 1393–1407 Occurrence Handle10.1080/20018091095087
I. Chorus (2001) Cyanotoxins. Occurrence, Causes, Consequences Springer Berlin
I. Chorus J. Bartram (1999) Toxic Cyanobacteria in Water: A Guide to their Public Health Consequences, Monitoring and Management WHO London
K. R. Clarke M. Ainsworth (1993) ArticleTitleA method of linking multivariate community structure to environmental variables Marine Ecology-Progress Series 92 205–219
K. R. Clarke R. M. Warwick (2001) Change in Marine Communities: An Approach to Statistical Analysis and Interpretation PRIMER-E Ltd Plymouth
G. A. Codd S. G. Bell W. P. Brooks (1989) ArticleTitleCyanobacterial toxins in water Water Science Technology 21 1–13
G. A. Codd C. Edwards K. A. Beattie L. A. Lawton D.L. Campbell S. G. Bell (1995) Toxins from cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) W. Wiessner E. Schnepf R. C. Starr (Eds) Algae, Environment, and Human Affairs Biopress Bristol 1–17
Direction générale de l’aménagement du territoire, du logement et du patrimoine (D.G.A.T.L.P.) 2003. Atlas de Wallonie. Ministère de la Région wallonne, Namur.
J. C. Druart J. F. Briand (2002) ArticleTitleFirst record of Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii (Woloszynska) Seenayya et Subba Raju (Cyanobacteria) in a lotic system in France Annales de Limnologie 38 339–342
I. Falconer J. Bartram I. Chorus T. Kuiper-Goodman H. Utkilen M. Burch G. Codd (1999) Safe levels and safe practices I. Chorus J. Bartram (Eds) Toxic Cyanobacteria in Water: A Guide to their Public Health Consequences, Monitoring and Management WHO London 155–178
J. Fastner U. Neumann B. Wirsing J. Weckesser C. Wiedner B. Nixdorf I. Chorus (1999) ArticleTitleMicrocystins (Hepatotoxic heptapeptides) in German fresh water bodies Environmental Toxicology 14 13–22 Occurrence Handle10.1002/(SICI)1522-7278(199902)14:1<13::AID-TOX4>3.0.CO;2-D
J. Fastner B. Wirsing C. Wiedner R. Heinze U. Neumann I. Chorus (2001) Microcystins and hepatocyte toxicity I. Chorus (Eds) The Cyanotoxins Springer Berlin 22–37
R. S. Fulton H. W. Paerl (1987) ArticleTitleEffects of colonial morphology on zooplankton utilization of algal resources during blue-green algal (Microcystis aeruginosa) blooms Limnology and Oceanography 32 634–644
L. Geitler (1932) Cyanophyceae Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft Leipzig
O. Hadas R. Pinkas E. Delphine A. Vardi A. Kaplan A. Sukenik (1999) ArticleTitleLimnological and ecophysiological aspects of Aphanizomenon ovalisporum bloom in Lake Kinneret, Israël Journal of Plankton Research 21 1439–1453 Occurrence Handle10.1093/plankt/21.8.1439
P. Henriksen (1996) ArticleTitleMicrocystin profiles and contents in Danish populations of cyanobacteria/blue-green algae as determined by HPLC Phycologia 35 102–110
P. Henriksen (2001) Toxic freshwater cyanobacteria in Denmark I. Chorus (Eds) The Cyanotoxins Springer Berlin 49–56
J. Komárek (1958) Die taxonomische Revision der planktischen Blaualgen der Tschechoslowakei J. Komárek H. Ettl (Eds) Algologische Studien Academia Praha 10–206
J. Komárek (1991) ArticleTitleA review of water-bloom forming Microcystis-species, with regard to populations from Japan Archiv für Hydrobiologie Supplement, Algological Studies 64 115–127
J. Komárek K. Anagnostidis (1986) ArticleTitleModern approach to the classification system of cyanophytes, 2-Chroococcales Archiv für Hydrobiologie Supplement, Algological Studies 43 157–226
J. Komárek K. Anagnostidis (1989) ArticleTitleModern approach to the classification system of cyanophytes, 4-Nostocales Archiv für Hydrobiologie Supplement, Algological Studies 56 247–345
J. Komárek K. Anagnostidis (1998) Cyanoprokaryota 1. Teil: Chroococcales H. Ettl G. Gärtner H. Heynig D. Mollenhauer (Eds) Süsswasserflora von Mitteleuropa 19/1 Gustav Fischer Stuttgart 1–548
J. Komárek F. Hindák (1988) ArticleTitleTaxonomic review of natural populations of the cyanophytes from the Gomphosphaeria-complex Archiv für Hydrobiologie Supplement, Algological Studies 50–53 203–225
J. Komárek J. Komárkova-Legnerová C. L. Sant’Anna M. T. P. Azevedo P. A. C. Senna (2002) ArticleTitleTwo common Microcystis species (Chroococcales, Cyanobacteria) from tropical America, including M. panniformis sp. nov Cryptogamie Algologie 23 159–177
J. Komárkova-Legnerová P. Eloranta (1992) ArticleTitlePlanktic blue-green algae (Cyanophyta) from Central Finland (Jyväskyla region) with special reference to genus Anabaena Archiv für Hydrobiologie Supplement, Algological Studies 67 103–133
A. Konopka (1989) ArticleTitleMetalimnetic cyanobacteria in hard-water lakes: buoyancy regulation and physiological state Limnology and Oceanography 34 1174–1184
S. J. Lee M. H. Jang H. S. Kim B. D. Yoon H. M. Oh (2000) ArticleTitleVariation of microcystin content of Microcystis aeruginosa relative to medium N:P ratio and growth stage Journal of Applied Microbiology 89 323–329 Occurrence Handle10.1046/j.1365-2672.2000.01112.x Occurrence Handle10971766
J. M. Lehtimäki P. Moisander K. Sivonen K. Kononen (1997) ArticleTitleGrowth, nitrogen fixation, and nodularin production by two Baltic Sea cyanobacteria Applied and Environmental Microbiology 63 1647–1656
B. Maršálek L. Bláha F. Hindák (2000) ArticleTitleReview of toxicity of cyanobacteria in Slovakia Biologia 55 645–652
B. Maršálek L. Bláha J. Turánek J. Neca (2001) Microcystin-LR and total microcystins in cyanobacterial blooms in the Czech Republic 1993–1998 I. Chorus (Eds) The Cyanotoxins Springer Berlin 56–62
InstitutionalAuthorNameOECD (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development) (1982) Eutrophication of Waters. Monitoring, Assessment and Control OECD Paris 1–164
J. Padisák (1997) ArticleTitleCylindrospermopsis raciborskii (Woloszynska) Seenayya et Subba Raju, an expanding highly adaptive blue-green algal species: worldwide distribution and review of its ecology Archiv für Hydrobiologie Supplement 107 563–593
H. W. Paerl D. F. Millie (1996) ArticleTitlePhysiological ecology of toxic aquatic cyanobacteria Phycologia 35 160–167
L. Pechar J. Masojídek (1995) ArticleTitleColonial forms of the cyanobacterium Aphanizomenon flos-aquae represent protection against photosystem II photo-inactivation-fluorescence quenching analysis Archiv für Hydrobiologie Supplement, Algological Studies 77 37–43
P.-E. Persson (1996) ArticleTitleCyanobacteria and off-flavours Phycologia 35 168–171
G. D. Price D. Sültemeyer B. Klughammer M. Ludwig M. R. Badger (1998) ArticleTitleThe functioning of the CO2 concentrating mechanism in several cyanobacterial strains: a review of general physiological characteristics, genes, proteins, and recent advances Canadian Journal of Botany 76 973–1002 Occurrence Handle10.1139/cjb-76-6-973
R. Ressom F. S. Soong J. Fitzgerald L. Turczynowich O. El Saadi D. Roder T. Maynard I. Falconer (1994) Health Effects of Toxic Cyanobacteria (Blue-Green Algae) Australian Government Publishing Service Canberra
C. S. Reynolds A. C. Petersen (2000) ArticleTitleThe distribution of planktonic cyanobacteria in Irish lakes in relation to their trophic states Hydrobiologia 424 91–99 Occurrence Handle10.1023/A:1003901012233
C. S. Reynolds A. E. Walsby (1975) ArticleTitleWater-blooms Biological Reviews 50 437–481
P. P. Shen Q. Shi Z. C. Hua F. X. Kong Z. G. Wang S. X. Zhuang D. C. Chen (2003) ArticleTitleAnalysis of microcystins in cyanobacteria blooms and surface water samples from Meiliang Bay, Taihu Lake, China Environment International 29 641–647 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0160-4120(03)00047-3 Occurrence Handle12742407
K. Sivonen (1990) ArticleTitleEffects of light, temperature, nitrate, orthophosphate, and bacteria on growth and hepatotoxin production by Oscillatoria agardhii strains Applied and Environmental Microbiology 56 2658–2666 Occurrence Handle2125814
K. Sivonen G. Jones (1998) Cyanobacterial toxins I. Chorus J. Bartram (Eds) Toxic Cyanobacteria in Water: A Guide to their Public Health Consequences, Monitoring and Management WHO London 41–111
K. Sivonen S. I. Niemelä R. M. Niemi L. Lepistö T. H. Luoma L. A. Räsänen (1990) ArticleTitleToxic cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) in Finnish fresh and coastal waters Hydrobiologia 190 267–275 Occurrence Handle10.1007/BF00008195
O. M. Skulberg B. Underdal H. Utkilen (1994) ArticleTitleToxic waterblooms with cyanophytes in Norway – current knowledge Archiv für Hydrobiologie Supplement, Algological Studies 75 279–289
C. J. F. Ter Braak P. Smilauer (1998) Reference manual and user’s guide to Canoco for Windows: Software for canonical community ordination (Version 4) Microcomputer Power Ithaca
H. Utkilen O. M. Skulberg R. Skulberg N. Gjolme B. Underdal (2001) Toxic cyanobacterial blooms of inland waters in southern Norway 1978–1998 I. Chorus (Eds) The Cyanotoxins Springer Berlin 46–49
Van Hoof, F., P. Castelain, M. Kirsch-Volders & J. Vanderekom, 1994. Toxicity studies with blue-green algae from Flemish reservoirs. In Codd, G.A., T.M. Jefferies & E. Potter (eds), Proceeding of the first international symposium on detection methods for cyanobacterial (Blue-green algal) toxins, 27–29 September 1993, University of Bath, UK: Detection methods for cyanobacterial toxins. Special Publication No. 149: 139–141. The Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge (UK).
V. M. Vasconcelos (1994) ArticleTitleToxic cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) in Portuguese fresh waters Archiv für Hydrobiologie 4 439–451
V. M. Vasconcelos (2001) Freshwater cyanobacteria and their toxins in Portugal I. Chorus (Eds) The Cyanotoxins Springer Berlin 62–67
M. Watanabe (1992) ArticleTitleStudies on planktonic blue-green algae 4. Some Anabaena species with straight trichomes in Japan Bulletin of the National Sciences Museum of Tokyo Series B (Botany) 18 123–137
M. Watanabe (1998) ArticleTitleStudies on planktonic blue-green algae 8. Anabaena species with twisted trichomes in Japan Bulletin of the National Sciences Museum of Tokyo Series B (Botany) 24 1–13
WHO, 1998. Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality. 2nd edn., addendum to Vol. 2, Health criteria and other supporting information. World Health Organization, Geneva.
C. Wiedner I. Chorus J. Fastner (2001) The waterbodies surveyed for cyanotoxins in Germany I. Chorus (Eds) The Cyanotoxins Springer Berlin 6–21
C. Wiedner P. M. Visser J. Fastner J. S. Metcalf G. A. Codd L. R. Mur (2003) ArticleTitleEffects of light on the microcystin content of Microcystis strain PCC 7806 Applied and Environmental Microbiology 69 1475–1481 Occurrence Handle10.1128/AEM.69.3.1475-1481.2003 Occurrence Handle12620831
E. Wilk-Woźniak (1998) ArticleTitleLate autumn mass development of Woronichinia naegeliana in a dam reservoir in Southern Poland Biologia 53 1–5
E. Wilk-Woźniak G. Mazurkiewicz-Boroń (2003) ArticleTitleThe autumn dominance of cyanoprokaryotes in a deep meso-eutrophic submontane reservoir Biologia 58 17–24
R. Willame L. Hoffmann (1999) ArticleTitleBloom-forming blue-green algae in Belgium and Luxembourg Archiv für Hydrobiologie Supplement, Algological Studies 94 365–376
T. Willén R. Mattsson (1997) ArticleTitleWater-blooming and toxin-producing cyanobacteria in Swedish fresh and brackish waters, 1981–1995 Hydrobiologia 353 181–192 Occurrence Handle10.1023/A:1003047019422
B. Wirsing L. Hoffmann R. Heinze D. Klein D. Daloze J. C. Braekman J. Weckesser (1998) ArticleTitleFirst report on the identification of microcystin in a water bloom collected in Belgium Systematic and Applied Microbiology 21 23–27 Occurrence Handle9741107
Y. Zhang E. E. Prepas (1996) ArticleTitleRegulation of the dominance of planktonic diatoms and cyanobacteria in four eutrophic hardwater lakes by nutrients, water column stability, and temperature Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 53 621–633 Occurrence Handle10.1139/cjfas-53-3-621
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Willame, R., Jurczak, T., Iffly, JF. et al. Distribution of Hepatotoxic Cyanobacterial Blooms in Belgium and Luxembourg. Hydrobiologia 551, 99–117 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-005-4453-2
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-005-4453-2