Abstract
Phosphorus (P) deficiency is invariably a common crop growth and yield-limiting factor in unfertilized soils, especially soils high in calcium carbonate, which reduces P solubility. Even when such soils are fertilized, adsorption and desorption lead towards a reversion to stable and less soluble P forms, thus reducing fertilizer use efficiency. Field trials that examine the implications of such P reactions and residual fertilizer P responses in the field are relatively rare in Mediterranean environments. A 5-year field experiment in southern Turkey examined the residual effects of repeated P fertilizer applications for corn production in a calcareous soil Typic Xerofluvent. Following the initial year's fertilization (0, 33, 66 and 99 kg P ha−1) to establish a range of soil P levels in subsequent years, the main plots received 0, 9, 18, 27 and 36 kg P ha−1 annually. Grain P uptake was calculated for each year and used in the prediction of P recovery. All plots were sampled and analyzed for available P prior to planting with a local corn hybrid. Soil P values increased with the initial P levels (8–24 mg kg−1) but declined after 3 years (6–10 mg kg−1). Only the lowest annual P application rate (9 kg P ha−1) produced an available P level that was not in the sufficiency range. Grain yields across the main and subplots and years ranged from 6.6 to 13.2 t ha−1. Overall corn yield averaged over the years increased by 8–33% compared to the control as the rates of applied P increased. However, P application had no effect in a year when below-average rainfall restricted crop growth. A residual P effect on grain yield occurred with higher P application levels in the last year. Leaf and grain P concentrations were in the sufficiency range in general. Grain P uptake was calculated for each year and used in the prediction of P recovery. Actual recovery was higher with low P application rates and ranged between 10.8 and 46.4%. The study indicated that under irrigated conditions, corn is likely to respond to P fertilization, but that buildup of available P can occur within a few years and adequate plant available P levels can be maintained by modest P fertilizer application rates.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Explore related subjects
Discover the latest articles, news and stories from top researchers in related subjects.Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
E. Afif A. Matar J. Torrent (1993) ArticleTitleAvailability of phosphate applied to calcareous soils of west Asia and North Africa Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 57 756–760
M. Amrani D.G. Westfall L. Moughli (1999) ArticleTitleEvaluation of residual and cumulative phosphorus effects in contrasted Moroccan calcareous soils Nutr. Cycl. Agroecosys. 55 231–238 Occurrence Handle10.1023/A:1009855609746
C.J. Asher J.F. Loneragan (1967) ArticleTitleResponse of plants to phosphate concentration in solution culture. I. Growth and phosphate content Soil Sci. 103 225–233
M.S. Aulakh B.S. Kabba H.S. Baddesha G.S. Bahl M.P.S. Gill (2003) ArticleTitleCrop yields and phosphorus transformations after 25 year of applications to a subtropical soil under groundnut-based cropping systems Field Crop Res. 83 283–296 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0378-4290(03)00078-9
N.J. Barrow M.D.A. Bolland D.G. Allen (1998) ArticleTitleEffect of previous additions of superphosphate on sorption of phosphate Aust. J. Soil Res. 36 359–372 Occurrence Handle10.1071/S97110
W. Bergmann (1992) Nutritional disorders of plants. Developmentvisual and analytical diagnosis Gustav Fisher Verlag Jena Stuttgart, New York
M.D.A. Bolland (1994) ArticleTitleResidual value of superphosphate for oat and barley grown on a very sandy, phosphorus leaching soil Fert. Res. 38 171–181 Occurrence Handle10.1007/BF00749689
M.D.A. Bolland (1999) ArticleTitleDecrease in Colwell bicarbonate soil test P in the years after addition of superphosphateand the residual value of superphosphate measured using plant yield and soil test P Nutr. Cycl. Agroecosys. 54 157–173 Occurrence Handle10.1023/A:1009730414288
M.D.A. Bolland R.J. Gilkes (1995) ArticleTitleLong-term residual value of North-Carolina and Queensland rock phosphates compared with triple superphosphate Fert. Res. 41 151–158 Occurrence Handle10.1007/BF00750757
A.O. Esilaba B. Eghball D. Sander (1992) ArticleTitleSoil test phosphorus availability as affected by time and phosphorus fertilization Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 56 1967–1973
J.S. Freeman D.L. Rowell (1981) ArticleTitleThe adsorption and precipitation of phosphate onto calcite J. Soil Sci. 32 75–84
K. Harmsen F. JasemEl Mahmoud (2004) ArticleTitleYield response of lentil to directly applied and residual phosphorus in a Mediterranean environment Nitrogen Cycl. Agroecosys. 69 233–245 Occurrence Handle10.1023/B:FRES.0000035195.60189.24
J.B. Jones SuffixJr. W.J.A. Steyn (1973) Sampling, handling and analyzing plant tissue samples L.M. Walsh J.D. Beaton (Eds) Soil Testing and Plant Analysis Soil Science Society America Madison, WI 249–270
E.J. Kamprath (1967) ArticleTitleResidual effect of large applications of phosphorus fixing soils Agron. J. 59 25–27
E.J. Kamprath M.E. Watson (1980) Conventional soil and tissue tests for assessing the phosphorus status of soils Khasawneh (Eds) et al. The Role of Phosphorus in Agriculture ASACSSAand SSSA Madison, WI
F.E. Khasawneh E.C. Sample E.J. Kamprath (Eds) (1980) The Role of Phosphorus in Agriculture ASACSSASSSA Madison, WI, USA
N.A. Maier K.A. Potocky J.M. Jacka C.M.J. Williams (1989) ArticleTitleEffect of phosphorus fertilizer on the yield of potato tubers (Solanum tuberosum L.) and the prediction of tuber yield response by soil analysis Aust. J. Exp. Agric. 29 419–432 Occurrence Handle10.1071/EA9890419
C.G.B. Manske J.J. Ortiz-Monasterio M. Ginkel ParticleVan R.M. Gonzalez S. Rajaram E. Molina P.L.G. Vlek (2000) ArticleTitleTraits associated with improved P-uptake efficiency in CYMMYT's semidwarf spring bread wheat grown on an acid Andisol in Mexico Plant Soil 221 189–204 Occurrence Handle10.1023/A:1004727201568
A.E. Matar (1977) ArticleTitleYield and response of cereal crops to phosphorus fertilization under changing rainfall conditions Agron. J. 69 879–881
A. Matar J. Torrent J. Ryan (1992) ArticleTitleSoil and fertilizer phosphorus and crop responses in the dryland Mediterranean zone Adv. Soil Sci. 18 82–146
J. Murphy J.P. Riley (1962) ArticleTitleA modified single solution method for determination of phosphate in natural waters Anal. Chim. Acta 27 31–36
S.R. Olsen F.E. Khasawneh (1980) Use and limitations of physical-chemical criteria for assessing the status of phosphorus in soils F.E. Khasawneh E.C. Sample E.J. Kamprath (Eds) The Role of Phosphorus in Agriculture American Society of Agronomy Madison, Wis 361–410
P. Orphanos (1996) ArticleTitleDirect and residual effect of phosphorus on dryland barley J. Agric. Sci., Cambridge 126 137–141
W.R. Raun H.J. Barreto (1995) ArticleTitleRegional maize grain yield response to applied phosphorus in Central America Agron. J. 87 208–213
J. Ryan (1997) Future directions of applied soil fertility research in west Asia and north Africa J. Ryan (Eds) Accomplishments and future challenges in dryland and soil fertility research in the Mediterranean Area ICARDA Aleppo, Syria 335–340
J. Ryan D. Curtin M.A. Cheema (1985a) ArticleTitleSignificance of iron oxides and calcium carbonate particle size in phosphorus sorption and desorption in calcareous soils Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 49 74–76
J. Ryan H. Hassan M. Baasiri H.S. Tabbara (1985b) ArticleTitleAvailability and transformation of applied phosphorus with time in calcareous Lebanase soils Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 49 1215–1220
J. Ryan S. Masri M. Pala (1997) Residual and current effects of phosphorus in rotational trials J. Ryan (Eds) Accomplishments and future challenges in dryland and soil fertility research in the Mediterranean Area ICARDA Aleppo, Syria 175–180
Ryan J. and Rashid A. 2003. Soil phosphorus. In: Encyclopedia of Soil Science. Marcel DekkerInc, http://www.dekker.com/servlet/product/Dol/1001081EESS/20006573.
A. Samadi R.J. Gilkes (1999) ArticleTitlePhosphorus transformations and their relationships with calcareous soil properties of southern western Australia Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 63 809–815
D.H. Sander E.J. Penas B. Eghball (1990) ArticleTitleResidual effects of various phosphorus application methods on winter wheat and grain sorgum Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 54 1473–1478
F. Selles C.A. Campbell R.P. Zentner (1995) ArticleTitleEffect of croping and fertilization on plant and soil phosphorus Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 59 140–144
P Solis J. Torrent (1989) ArticleTitlePhosphate sorption by calcareous vertisols and inceptisols of Spain Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 53 456–459
D. Steffens (1994) ArticleTitlePhosphorus release kinetics and extractable phosphorus after long-term fertilization Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 58 1702–1708
L. Walsh J.D. Beaton (1973) Soil testing and plant analysis Soil Science Society of America Madison WI, USA
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ibrikci, H., Ryan, J., Ulger, A.C. et al. Maintenance of Phosphorus Fertilizer and Residual Phosphorus Effect on Corn Production. Nutr Cycl Agroecosyst 72, 279–286 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10705-005-3367-8
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10705-005-3367-8