Abstract
Indicators were devised to classify air pollution monitoring sites according to the type of expected photochemical pollution. The indicators are based on measured ozone volume fractions, the most frequently monitored component of photochemical pollution, and in particular on two contributions: one due to the ratio of daily maximum-to-minimum ozone volume fractions and the other to observed peak values. The two contributions regarded as independent are logically connected by “and” and therefore mathematically combined by multiplication. The criterion of classification is mainly described by the mentioned ratio and incidences of ozone volume fractions exceeding the limit of 80 ppb. Twelve monitoring stations within the European network (Cooperative programme for monitoring and evaluation of long-range transmission of air pollutants in Europe, EMEP) were classified according to this indicator predicting what ozone levels can be expected at the particular sites during the growth season (April through September) into three groups: clean, medium, and polluted, based on the data for the 7 years (1997 to 2003).
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Explore related subjects
Discover the latest articles, news and stories from top researchers in related subjects.Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
Butković, V., Cvitaš, T., & Klasinc, L. (1990). Photochemical ozone in the Mediterranean. The Science of the Total Environment, 99, 145–151. doi:10.1016/0048-9697(90)90219-K.
Chen, T.-M., Gokhale, J., Shofer, S., & Kuschner, W. G. (2007). Outdoor air pollution: Ozone health effects. The American Journal of the Medical Sciences, 333(4), 244–248. doi:10.1097/MAJ.0b013e31803b8e8c.
Cvitaš, T., Kezele, N., Klasinc, L., & Lisac, I. (1995). Ozone measurements in Croatia. Pure and Applied Chemistry, 67, 1450–1453.
Fischer, P. H., Brunekreef, B., & Lebret, E. (2004). Air pollution related deaths during the 2003 heat weave in the Netherlands. Atmospheric Environment, 38, 1083–1085. doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2003.11.010.
Jeftić, J., & Cvitaš, T. (1991). Analysis of ozone monitoring data. Journal of Mathematical Chemistry, 8, 283–289. doi:10.1007/BF01166943.
Ko, F. W. S., Tam, W., Wong, T. W., Lai, C. K. W., Wong, G. W. K., Leung, T.-F., et al. (2007). Effects of air pollution on asthma hospitalization rates in different age groups in Hong Kong. Clinical and Experimental Allergy, 37, 1312–1319. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2222.2007.02791.x.
Maitre, A., Bonneterre, V., Huillard, L., Sabatier, P., & de Gaudemaris, R. (2006). Impact of urban atmospheric pollution on coronary disease. European Heart Journal, 27, 2275–2284. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehl162.
McNaught, A. D., & Wilkinson, A. (1997). Compendium of chemical terminology. Oxford: Blackwell Science.
Musselman, R. C., & Massman, W. J. (1999). Ozone flux to vegetation and its relationship to plant response and ambient air quality standards. Atmospheric Environment, 33, 65–73. doi:10.1016/S1352-2310(98)00127-7.
Ruidavets, J.-B., Cournot, M., Cassadou, S., Giroux, M., Meybeck, M., & Ferrières, J. (2005). Ozone air pollution is associated with acute myocardial infarction. Cicrulation, 111, 563–569. doi:10.1161/01.CIR.0000154546.32135.6E.
Sarnet, J. A., & Holguin, F. (2007). Asthma and air quality. Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine, 13, 63–66.
Stedman, J. R. (2004). The predicted number of air pollution related deaths in the UK during the August 2003 heatwave. Atmospheric Environment, 38, 1087–1090.
Wayne, R. P. (2000). Chemistry of the atmospheres (3rd ed., pp. 422–439). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
West, J. J., Szopa, S., & Hauglustaine, D. A. (2007). Human mortality effects of future concentrations of tropospheric ozone. Comptes Rendus Geoscience, 339, 775–783. doi:10.1016/j.crte.2007.08.005.
Zanobetti, A., & Schwartz, J. (2008). Mortality displacement in the association of ozone and mortality: An analysis of 48 cities in the United States. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care, 177, 184–189. doi:10.1164/rccm.200706-823OC.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kovač-Andrić, E., Šorgo, G., Kezele, N. et al. Photochemical pollution indicators—an analysis of 12 European monitoring stations. Environ Monit Assess 165, 577–583 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-009-0969-7
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-009-0969-7