Abstract
One-minute PM2.5 concentration was obtained with LD-5C pocket microcomputer laser dust instrument from Dec. 15th, 2005 to Jan. 16th, 2006 and Mar. 17th to Apr. 28th, 2006 in Beijing. The concentration of SO2, NO2, O3, CO, and PM10 from Jan. 1st, 2001 to Dec. 31st, 2004 were obtained from the conversion of air pollution index. Results showed that all the pollutants showed cyclic characteristics. The longer yearly cycles was shown from SO2, NO2, O3, CO, and PM10, as the sampling time was 4-year long and daily collected. The shorter hourly and daily cycle was shown from 1-min PM2.5, as the sampling time was about 1-month long and one collected at 1 min. The spectral density analysis confirmed this from the periodogram graphs. The longer yearly cycle (365, 180 days), the seasonal cycle (120, 60–90 days), and monthly cycle (21, 23, 27 days) of SO2, NO2, CO, O3, and PM10 were obviously shown. In addition, the shorter weekly cycle of 5–7 days is obviously shown, too. The shorter hourly cycle (8–12, 4–6, 3, 1–2 h, 20 min) of 1-min PM2.5 was also indicated from spectral density analysis. Two major factors contribute the 1-min PM2.5 cycles, i.e., the meteorological factors and source effects. Both the relative humidity and dew point showed consistent variation with PM2.5, but the wind speed showed inverse variations with PM2.5. Furthermore, the spectral density analysis of the meteorological factors (4–5, 2–2.5, 1–1.5 days, 12, 6–8, 3 h) may partially explain the cycles of PM2.5. As for the sources effects, it can be shown from the strong dust storm of April 16–18th, 2006. PM2.5 constantly increased tens and even hundreds of times high concentration within a few minutes due to the intensity of the dust sources.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Explore related subjects
Discover the latest articles, news and stories from top researchers in related subjects.Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
Charlson, R. J., Schwartz, S. E., Hales, J. M., Cess, R. D., Coakley, J. A., Hansen, J., et al. (1992). Climate forcing by anthropogenic aerosols. Science, 255, 423–430. doi:10.1126/science.255.5043.423.
Chen, Z., Ge, S., & Zhang, J. (1994). Measurement and analysis for atmospheric aerosol particulates in Beijing. Research on Environmental Science, 7(3), 1–9 (in Chinese).
Dockery, D. W., Pope, C. A., Xu, X., Spengler, J. D., Ware, J. H., Fay, M. E., et al. (1993). An association between air pollution and mortality in six US cities. The New England Journal of Medicine, 329, 1753–1759. doi:10.1056/NEJM199312093292401.
He, K. B., Yang, F. M., Ma, Y. L., Zhang, Q., Yao, X. H., Chan, C. K., et al. (2001). The characteristics of PM2.5 in Beijing, China. Atmospheric Environment, 35, 4959–4970. doi:10.1016/S1352-2310(01)00301-6.
Hussein, T., Puustinen, A., Aalto, P. P., Makela, J. M., Hameri, K., & Kulmala, M. (2004). Urban aerosol number size distributions. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 4, 391–411.
Jia, Y. T., Rahn, K. A., He, K. B., Wen, T. X., & Wang, Y. S. (2008). A novel technique for quantifying regional components of urban aerosol solely from its sawtooth cycles. Journal of Geophysics Research (Atmosphere), 113, D21309. doi:10.1029/2008JD010389.
Penttinen, P., Timonen, K. L., Tiittanen, P., Mirme, A., Ruuskanen, J., & Pekkanen, J. (2001). Number concentration and size of particles in urban air: effects on spirometric lung function in adult asthmatic subjects. Environmental Health Perspectives, 109(4), 319–323. doi:10.2307/3454889.
Sun, Y. L., Zhuang, G. S., Wang, Y., Han, L. H., Guo, J. H., Dan, M., et al. (2004a). The air-borne particulate pollution in Beijing-concentration, composition, distribution and sources. Atmospheric Environment, 38(35), 5991–6004. doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2004.07.009.
Sun, Y. L., Zhuang, G. S., Yuan, H., Zhang, X. Y., & Guo, J. H. (2004b). Characteristics and sources of 2002 super dust storm in Beijing. Chinese Science Bulletin, 49(7), 698–705. doi:10.1360/03wb0157.
Tang, A. H., Zhuang, G. S., Wang, Y., Yuan, H., & Sun, Y. L. (2005). The chemistry of precipitation and its relation to aerosol in Beijing. Atmospheric Environment, 39, 3397–3406. doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.02.001.
Twomey, S. (1974). Pollution and the planetary albedo. Atmospheric Environment, 8, 1251–1256. doi:10.1016/0004-6981(74)90004-3.
Wang, Y., Zhuang, G. S., Tang, A. H., Yuan, H., Sun, Y. L., Chen, S., et al. (2005a). The ion chemistry and the source of PM2.5 aerosol in Beijing. Atmospheric Environment, 39, 3771–3784. doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.03.013.
Wang, Y., Zhuang, G. S., Sun, Y. L., & An, Z. S. (2005b). Water-soluble part of the aerosol in the dust storm season-evidence of the mixing between mineral and pollution aerosols. Atmospheric Environment, 39, 7020–7029. doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.08.005.
Winchester, J. W., & Bi, M. (1984). Fine and coarse aerosol composition in an urban setting: A case study in Beijing, China. Atmospheric Environment, 18, 1399–1409. doi:10.1016/0004-6981(84)90047-7.
Yao, X., Chan, C. K., Fang, M., Cadle, S., Chan, T., Mulawa, P., et al. (2002). The water-soluble ionic composition of PM2.5 in Shanghai and Beijing, China. Atmospheric Environment, 36(26), 4223–4234. doi:10.1016/S1352-2310(02)00342-4.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Zhang, W., Xu, D., Zhuang, G. et al. Characteristics of ambient 1-min PM2.5 variation in Beijing. Environ Monit Assess 165, 137–146 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-009-0933-6
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-009-0933-6