Abstract
The Johansen formation is a candidate site for large-scale CO2 storage offshore of the south-western coast of Norway. An overview of the geology for the Johansen formation and neighboring geological formations is given, together with a discussion of issues for geological and geophysical modelling and integrated fluid flow modelling. We further describe corresponding simulation models. Major issues to consider are capacity estimation and processes that could potentially cause CO2 to leak out of the Johansen formation and into the formations above. Currently, these issues can only be investigated through numerical simulation. We consider the effect of different boundary conditions, sensitivity with respect to vertical grid refinement and permeability/transmisibility data, and the effect of residual gas saturations, since these strongly affect the CO2-plume distribution. The geological study of the Johansen formation is performed based on available seismic and well data. Fluid simulations are performed using a commercial simulator capable of modelling CO2 flow and transport by simple manipulation of input files and data. We provide details for the data and the model, with a particular focus on geology and geometry for the Johansen formation. The data set is made available for download online.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
Aavatsmark, I., Reiso, E., Teigland, R.: Control-volume discretization methods for quadrilateral grids with faults and local refinement. Comput. Geosci. 5, 1–23 (2001)
Aavatsmark, I., Reiso, E., Reme, H., Teigland, R.: MPFA for faults and local grid refinement in 3D quadrilateral grids with application to field simulations. In: Proceedings of SPE Reservoir Simulation Symposium, Houston, Texas (SPE 66356) (2001)
Aavatsmark, I., Eigestad, G.T., Heimsund, B.-O., Mallison, B., Nordbotten, J.M., Øian, E.: A new finite volume approach to efficient discretization on challenging grids. In: Proceedings of SPE Reservoir Simulation Symposium, Houston, Texas (SPE 106435) (2007)
Bachu, S.: CO2 storage in geological media: role, means, status and barriers to deployment. Pror. Energy Combust. Sci. 34, 254–273 (2008)
Bachu S., Bonijoly, D., Bradshaw, J., Burruss, R., Holloway, S., Christensen, N.P., Mathiassen, O.M.: CO2 storage capacity estimation: methodology and gaps. Int. Journal on Greenhouse Gas Control 1, 430–443 (2007)
Bergmo, P.E, Lindeberg, E., Riis, F., Johansen, W.T.: Exploring geological storage sites for CO2 for Norwegian gas power plants: Johansen formation. In: Proceedings of GHGT-9, 16–20 November 2008
Bradshaw, J., Bachu, S., Bonijoly, D., Burruss, R., Holloway, S., Christensen, N.P., Mathiassen, O.M.: CO2 storage capacity estimation: issues and development of standards. Int. Journal on Greenhouse Gas Control 1, 62–68 (2007)
Class, H., Dahle, H., Riis, F., Ebigbo, A., Eigestad, G.: Estimation of the CO2 storage capacity of a geological, numerical investigations of CO2 sequestration in geological formations: problem oriented benchmarks (2008). http://www.iws.uni-stuttgart.de/CO2-workshop/
Gassnova: Beslutningsgrunnlag knyttet til transport og deponering av CO2 fra Kårstø og Mongstad. Report no 06/177, (In Norwegian) (2007)
Ebigbo, A., Nordbotten, J.M., Class, H.: CO2 Plume evolution and leakage through an abandoned well, numerical investigations of CO2 sequestration in geological formations: problem oriented benchmarks (2008). http://www.iws.uni-stuttgart.de/CO2-workshop/
Eigestad, G.T, Dahle, H., Hellevang, B., Johansen, W.T., Lie, K.-A., Riis, F., Øian, E.: Geological and fluid data for modelling CO2-injection in the Johansen formation (2008). http://org.uib.no/cipr/Project/MatMoRA/Johansen/index.htm
Sclumberger: Eclipse 100/300 Reference Manual and Technical Manual (2006)
Juanes, R., Spiteri, E.J., Orr, F.M. Jr., Blunt, M.J.: Impact of relative permeability hysteresis on geological CO2 storage. Water Resour. Res. 42 (2006)
Lindeberg, E., Zweigel, P., Bergmo, P., Ghaderi, A., Lothe, A.: Prediction of CO2 distribution pattern improved by geology and reservoir simulations. In: Proceedings of the 5th Int. Conf. on Greenhouse Gas Reduction Technologies (2001)
Lindeberg, E., Bergmo, P.: The long-term fate of CO2 injected into an aquifer prediction. In: Proceedings of the 6th Int. Conf. on Greenhouse Gas Reduction Technologies (2003)
NIST: Chemistry web-book. http://webbook.nist.gov/chemistry
Manzocchi, T., Walsh, J.J., Nell, P., Yielding, G.: Fault transmissibility multipliers for flow simulation models. Pet. Geosci. 5, 53–63 (1999)
Nordbotten, J.M., Celia, M.A.: An improved analytical solution for interface upconing around a well. Water Resour. Res. 42 (2006)
Nordbotten, J.M., Celia, M.A.: Similarity solutions for fluid injection into confined aquifers. J. Fluid Mech. 561, 307–327 (2006)
Nordbotten, J.M., Celia, M.A., Bachu, S., Dahle, H.K.: Semi-analytical solution for CO2 leakage through an abandoned well. Environ. Sci. Technol. 39(2), 602–611 (2005)
Nordbotten, J.M., Celia, M.A., Bachu, S.: Injection and storage of CO2 in deep saline aquifers: analytical solution for CO2 plume evolution during injection. Transp. Porous Media 58(3), 339–360 (2005)
Nordbotten, J.M., Celia, M.A., Bachu, S.: Analytical solutions for leakage rates through abandoned wells. Water Resour. Res. 40 (2004)
Schlumberger: Petrel Reference Manual (2007)
Torp, T.A., Gale, J.J.: Demonstrating storage of the CO2 in geological reservoirs: The Sleipner and SACS projects. Energy 29, 1361–1369 (2004)
Ponting, D.K.: Corner point geometry in reservoir simulation. In: Proceedings of the 1st European Conference on the Mathematics of Oil Recovery, Cambridge, pp. 45–65. Clarendon, Oxford (1992)
Pruess, K., Xu, T., Apps, J., Garcia, J.: Numerical modeling of aquifer disposal of CO2. SPE 8(1), 49–60 (2003)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Eigestad, G.T., Dahle, H.K., Hellevang, B. et al. Geological modeling and simulation of CO2 injection in the Johansen formation. Comput Geosci 13, 435–450 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10596-009-9153-y
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10596-009-9153-y