Abstract
Dehydrins present a distinct biochemical group of late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins characterised by the presence of a lysine-rich amino acid motif, the K-segment. They are highly hydrophilic, soluble upon boiling, and rich in glycine and polar amino acids. It is proposed that they can act as emulsifiers or chaperones in the cells, i.e., they protect proteins and membranes against unfavourable structural changes caused by dehydration. Cold usually precedes freezing in nature and induces many physiological and biochemical changes in the cells of freezing-tolerant plant species (cold-acclimation) that enable them to survive unfavourable conditions. It is demonstrated that the induction of dehydrin expression and their accumulation is an important part of this process in many dicotyledons (both herbaceous and woody species), and also in winter cultivars of cereals, especially wheat and barley. Some mechanisms which are proposed to be involved in regulation of dehydrin expression are discussed, i.e., endogenous content of abscisic acid, homologues of Arabidopsis C-repeat binding factor (CBF) transcriptional activators, the activity of vernalization genes and photoperiodic signals. Finally, we outline some new approaches emerging for the solution of the complex mechanisms involved in plant cold-acclimation, especially the methods of functional genomics that enable to observe simultaneously changes in the activity of many genes and proteins in a single sample.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
Abbreviations
- ABA:
-
abscisic acid
- ABRE:
-
ABA-responsive element
- bZIP:
-
basic-domain leucine zipper
- CaMV:
-
cauliflower mosaic virus
- CAT:
-
catalase
- CBF:
-
C-repeat-binding factor
- Cor:
-
cold-regulated
- CRT:
-
C-repeat
- Dhn:
-
dehydrin
- DRE:
-
dehydration-responsive element
- ELIPs:
-
early light-inducible proteins
- Erd:
-
early response to drought
- EST:
-
expressed sequence tag
- Fr gene:
-
frost resistance gene
- FT:
-
frost tolerance
- GUS:
-
β-glucuronidase
- LEA:
-
late embryogenesis abundant
- LD:
-
long day
- LDH:
-
lactate dehydrogenase
- LT:
-
low temperature
- LT50 :
-
lethal temperature when 50 % samples die
- Lti:
-
low temperature-induced
- LTRE:
-
low temperature-responsive element
- Mr :
-
relative molecular mass
- NLS:
-
nuclear localisation sequence
- PD50 :
-
50 % protein denaturation
- pI:
-
isoelectric point
- Ppd:
-
photoperiod
- QTL:
-
quantitative trait loci
- Rab:
-
response to ABA
- RT-PCR:
-
reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction
- SD:
-
short day
- SDS-PAGE:
-
sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
- UV CD:
-
ultra-violet circular dichroism
- Vrn:
-
vernalization
- Wcor:
-
wheat cold-regulated
- Wcs:
-
wheat cold-specific
- Wdhn:
-
wheat dehydrin
- WT:
-
wild type
- 2DE:
-
two dimensional electrophoresis
- 2D-DIGE:
-
two dimensional difference gel electrophoresis
References
Allagulova, C.R., Gimalov, F.R., Shakirova, F.M., Vakhitov, V.A.: The plant dehydrins: structure and putative functions.-Biochemistry 68: 945–951, 2003.
Alsheikh, M.K., Heyen, B.J., Randall, S.K.: Ion binding properties of the dehydrin ERD14 are dependent upon phosphorylation.-J. biol. Chem. 278: 40882–40889, 2003.
Alsheikh, M.K., Svensson, J.T., Randall, S.K.: Phosphorylation regulated ion-binding is a property shared by the acidic subclass dehydrins.-Plant Cell Environ. 28: 1114–1122, 2005.
Amme, S., Matros, A., Schlesier, B., Mock, H.-P.: Proteome analysis of cold stress response in Arabidopsis thaliana using DIGE-technology.-J. exp. Bot. 57: 1537–1546, 2006.
Arora, R., Wisniewski, M.E.: Cold acclimation in genetically related (sibling) deciduous and evergreen peach (Prunus persica [L.] Batsch). II. A 60-kilodalton bark protein in cold-acclimated tissues of peach is heat stable and related to the dehydrin family of proteins.-Plant Physiol. 105: 95–101, 1994.
Artlip, T.S., Callahan, A.M., Basett, C.L., Wisniewski, M.E.: Seasonal expression of a dehydrin gene in sibling deciduous and evergreen genotypes of peach (Prunus persica [L.] Batsch.).-Plant mol. Biol. 33: 61–70, 1997.
Bassett, C.L., Wisniewski, M.E., Artlip, T.S., Norelli, J.L., Renaut, J., Farell, R.E., Jr.: Global analysis of genes regulated by low temperature and photoperiod in peach bark.-J. amer. Soc. hort. Sci. 131: 551–563, 2006.
Baudo, M.M., Meza-Zepeda, L.A., Palva, E.T., Heino, P.: Induction of homologous low temperature and ABA-responsive genes in frost resistant (Solanum commersonii) and frost sensitive (Solanum tuberosum cv. Bintje) potato species.-Plant mol. Biol. 30: 331–336, 1996.
Bhattarai, T., Fettig, S.: Isolation and characterization of a dehydrin gene from Cicer pinnatifidum, a drought-resistant wild relative of chickpea.-Physiol. Plant. 123: 452–458, 2005.
Borovskii, G.B., Stupnikova, I.V., Antipina, A.I., Voinikov, V.K.: Accumulation of dehydrins and ABA-inducible proteins in wheat seedlings during low-temperature acclimation.-Russ. J. Plant Physiol. 49: 229–234, 2002.
Bravo, L.A., Close, T.J., Corcuera, L.J., Guy, C.L.: Characterization of an 80-kDa dehydrin-like protein in barley responsive to cold acclimation.-Physiol. Plant. 106: 177–183, 1999.
Bravo, L.A., Gallardo, J., Navarrete, A., Olave, N., Martínez, J., Alberdi, M., Close, T.J., Corcuera, L.J.: Cryoprotective activity of a cold-induced dehydrin purified from barley.-Physiol. Plant. 118: 262–269, 2003.
Buchanan, C.D., Lim, S.Y., Salzman, R.A., Kagiampakis, L., Morishige, D.T., Weers, B.D., Klein, R.R., Pratt, L.H., Cordonnier-Pratt, M.M., Klein, P.E., Mullet, J.E.: Sorghum bicolor’s transcriptome response to dehydration, high salinity and ABA.-Plant mol. Biol. 58: 699–720, 2005.
Cai, Q., Moore, G.A., Guy, C.L.: An unusual group 2 LEA gene family in citrus responsive to low temperature.-Plant mol. Biol. 29: 11–23, 1995.
Campbell, S.A., Close, T.J.: Dehydrins: genes, proteins, and associations with phenotypic traits.-New Phytol. 137: 61–74, 1997.
Chauvin, L.-P., Houde, M., Fowler, D.B.: Nucleotide sequence of a new member of the freezing tolerance-associated protein family in wheat.-Plant Physiol. 105: 1017–1018, 1994.
Choi, D.-W., Rodriguez, E.M., Close, T.J.: Barley Cbf3 gene identification, expression pattern, and map location.-Plant Physiol. 129: 1781–1787, 2002.
Choi, D.W., Werner-Fraczek, J., Fenton, R.D., Koag, M.C., Ahmadian, S., Malatrasi, M., Chin, A., Bravo, L.C., Close, T.J.: Genetic map locations and expression of the barley dehydrin multigene family.-Barley Genet. 8: 264–265, 2000.
Choi, D.W., Zhu, B., Close, T.J.: The barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) dehydrin multigene family: sequences, allele types, chromosome assignments, and expression characteristics of 11 Dhn genes of cv. Dicktoo.-Theor. appl. Genet. 98: 1234–1247, 1999.
Close, T.J.: Dehydrins: emergence of a biochemical role of a family of plant dehydration proteins.-Physiol. Plant. 97: 795–803, 1996.
Close, T.J.: Dehydrins: a commonalty in the response of plants to dehydration and low temperature.-Physiol. Plant. 100: 291–296, 1997.
Close, T.J.: The barley microarray. A community vision and application to abiotic stress.-Czech J. Genet. Plant Breed. 41: 144–152, 2005.
Close, T.J., Fenton, R.D., Moonan, F.: A view of plant dehydrins using antibodies specific to the carboxy terminal peptide.-Plant mol. Biol. 23: 279–286, 1993.
Close, T.J., Meyer, N.C., Radik, J.: Nucleotide sequence of a gene encoding a 58.5-kilodalton barley dehydrin that lacks a serine tract.-Plant Gene Register. Plant Physiol. 107: 289–290, 1995.
Danyluk, J., Houde, M., Rassart, E., Sarhan, F.: Differential expression of a gene encoding an acidic dehydrin in chilling sensitive and freezing tolerant graminae species.-FEBS Lett. 344: 20–24, 1994.
Danyluk, J., Kane, N.A., Breton, G., Limin, A.E., Fowler, D.B., Sarhan, F.: TaVRT-1, a putative transcription factor associated with vegetative to reproductive transition in cereals.-Plant Physiol. 132: 1849–1860, 2003.
Danyluk, J., Perron, A., Houde, M., Limin, A., Fowler, B., Benhamou, N., Sarhan, F.: Accumulation of an acidic dehydrin in the vicinity of the plasma membrane during cold acclimation of wheat.-Plant Cell 10: 623–638, 1998.
Deng, Z.X., Pang, Y.Z., Kong, W.W., Chen, Z.H., Wang, X.L., Liu, X.J., Pi, Y., Sun, X.F.M., Tang, K.X.: A novel ABA-dependent dehydrin ERD10 gene from Brassica napus.-DNA sequence 16: 28–35, 2005.
Dhanaraj, A.L., Slovin, J.P., Rowland, L.J.: Isolation of a cDNA clone and characterization of expression of the highly abundant, cold acclimation-associated 14 kDa dehydrin of blueberry.-Plant Sci. 168: 949–957, 2005.
Egerton-Warburton, L.M., Balsamo, R.A., Close, T.J.: Temporal accumulation and ultrastructural localization of dehydrins in Zea mays.-Physiol. Plant. 101: 545–555, 1997.
Fan, Z.Q., Wang, X.R.: Isolation and characterization of a novel dehydrin gene from Capsella bursa-pastoris.-Mol. Biol. 40: 52–60, 2006.
Fowler, D.B., Breton, G., Limin, A.E., Mahfoozi, S., Sarhan, F.: Photoperiod and temperature interactions regulate low-temperature-induced gene expression in barley.-Plant Physiol. 127: 1676–1681, 2001.
Fowler, S., Thomashow, M.F.: Arabidopsis transcriptome profiling indicates that multiple regulatory pathways are activated during cold acclimation in addition to the CBF cold response pathway.-Plant Cell 14: 1675–1690, 2002.
Fu, P., Wilen, R.W., Wu, G.-H., Robertson, A.J., Gusta, L.V.: Dehydrin gene expression and leaf water potential differs between spring and winter cereals during cold acclimation.-J. Plant Physiol. 156: 394–400, 2000.
Gilmour, S.J., Artus, N.N., Thomashow, M.T.: cDNA sequence analysis and expression of two cold-regulated genes of Arabidopsis thaliana.-Plant mol. Biol. 18: 13–21, 1992.
Gilmour, S.J., Fowler, S.G., Thomashow, M.F.: Arabidopsis transcriptional activators CBF1, CBF2, and CBF3 have matching functional activities.-Plant mol. Biol. 54: 767–781, 2004.
Gilmour, S.J., Sebolt, A.M., Salazar, M.P., Everard, J.D., Thomashow, M.F.: Overexpression of the Arabidopsis CBF3 transcriptional activator mimics multiple biochemical changes associated with cold acclimation.-Plant Physiol. 124: 1854–1865, 2000.
Gulick, P.J., Drouin, S., Yu, Z., Danyluk, J., Poisson, G., Monroy, A.F., Sarhan, F.: Transcriptome comparison of winter and spring wheat responding to low temperature.-Genome 48: 913–923, 2005.
Guo, W., Ward, R.W., Thomashow, M.F.: Characterization of a cold-regulated wheat gene related to Arabidopsis Cor47.-Plant Physiol. 100: 915–922, 1992.
Guy, C.L.: Cold acclimation and freezing stress tolerance: role of protein metabolism.-Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant mol. Biol. 41: 187–223, 1990.
Hannah, M.A., Heyer, A.G., Hincha, D.K.: A global survey of gene regulation during cold acclimation in Arabidopsis thaliana.-PloS. Genet. 1: e26, 2005.
Hara, M., Fujinaga, M., Kuboi, T.: Radical scavenging activity and oxidative modification of citrus dehydrin.-Plant Physiol. Biochem. 42: 657–662, 2004.
Hara, M., Fujinaga, M., Kuboi, T.: Metal binding by citrus dehydrin with histidine-rich domains.-J. exp. Bot. 56: 2695–2703, 2005.
Hara, M., Terashima, S., Fukaya, T., Kuboi, T.: Enhancement of cold tolerance and inhibition of lipid peroxidation by citrus dehydrin in transgenic tobacco.-Planta 203: 290–298, 2003.
Hara, M., Terashima, S., Kuboi, T.: Characterization and cryoprotective activity of cold-responsive dehydrin from Citrus unshiu.-J. Plant Physiol. 158: 1333–1339, 2001.
Hara, M., Wakasugi, Y., Jokma, Y., Yano, M., Ogawa, K., Kuboi, T.: cDNA sequence and expression of a cold-responsive gene in Citrus unshiu.-Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 63: 433–437, 1999.
Houde, M., Dallaire, S., N’Dong, D., Sarhan, F.: Over-expression of the acidic dehydrin WCOR410 improves freezing tolerance in transgenic strawberry leaves.-Plant biotechnol. J. 2: 381–387, 2004.
Houde, M., Daniel, C., Lachapelle, M., Allard, F., Laliberté, S., Sarhan, F.: Immunolocalization of freezing-tolerance associated proteins in the cytoplasm and nucleoplasm of wheat crown tissues.-Plant J. 8: 583–593, 1995.
Houde, M., Danyluk, J., Laliberte, J.-F., Rassart, E., Dhindsa, R.S., Sarhan, F.: Cloning, characterization, and expression of a cDNA encoding a 50 kilodalton protein specifically induced by cold acclimation in wheat.-Plant Physiol. 99: 1381–1387, 1992.
Ingram, J., Bartels, D.: The molecular basis of dehydration tolerance in plants.-Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant mol. Biol. 47: 377–403, 1996.
Ismail, A.M., Hall, A.E., Close, T.J.: Purification and partial characterization of a dehydrin involved in chilling tolerance during seedling emergence of cowpea.-Plant Physiol. 120: 237–244, 1999a.
Ismail, A.M., Hall, A.E., Close, T.J.: Allelic variation of a dehydrin gene cosegregates with chilling tolerance during seedling emergence.-Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. USA 96: 13566–13570, 1999b.
Israelachvili, J., Wennerström, H.: Role of hydration and water structure in biological and colloidal interactions.-Nature 379: 219–225, 1996.
Iwasaki, T., Kiyosue, T., Yamaguchi-Shinozaki, K., Shinozaki, K.: The dehydration-inducible Rd17 (Cor47) gene and its promoter region in Arabidopsis thaliana (Accession No. AB004872).-Plant Gene Register. Plant Physiol. 115: 1287–1289, 1997.
Jaglo-Ottosen, K.R., Gilmour, S.J., Zarka, D.G., Schabenberger, O., Thomashow, M.F.: Arabidopsis CBF1 overexpression induces COR genes and enhances freezing tolerance.-Science 280: 104–106, 1998.
Jarvis, S.B., Taylor, M.A., MacLeod, M.R., Davies, H.V.: Cloning and characterisation of the cDNA clones of three genes that are differentially expressed during dormancy-breakage in the seeds of Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii).-J. Plant Physiol. 147: 559–566, 1996.
Kalberer, S.R., Wisniewski, M., Arora, R.: Deacclimation and reacclimation of cold-hardy plants: current understanding and emerging concepts.-Plant Sci. 171: 3–16, 2006.
Kirch, H.-H., Van Berkel, J., Glaczinski, H., Salamini, F., Gebhardt, C.: Structural organization, expression and promoter activity of a cold-stress-inducible gene of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.).-Plant mol. Biol. 33: 897–909, 1997.
Kiyosue, T., Yamaguchi-Shinozaki, K., Shinozaki, K.: Characterization of two cDNAs (ERD10 and ERD14) corresponding to genes that respond rapidly to dehydration stress in Arabidopsis thaliana.-Plant Cell Physiol. 35: 225–231, 1994.
Koag, M.-C., Fenton, R., Wilkens, S., Close, T.J.: The binding of maize DHN1 to lipid vesicles. Gain of structure and lipid specificity.-Plant Physiol. 131: 309–316, 2003.
Kobayashi, F., Takumi, S., Kume, S., Ishibashi, M., Ohno, R., Murai, K., Nakamura, C.: Regulation by Vrn-1/Fr-1 chromosomal intervals of CBF-mediated Cor/Lea gene expression and freezing tolerance in common wheat.-J. exp. Bot. 56: 887–895, 2005.
Kontunen-Soppela, S., Taulavuori, K., Taulavuori, E., Lähdesmäki, P., Laine, K.: Soluble proteins and dehydrins in nitrogen-fertilized Scots pine seedlings during deacclimation and the onset of growth.-Physiol. Plant. 109: 404–409, 2000.
Kumar, A., Bhatla, S.C.: Polypeptide markers for low temperature stress during seed germination in sunflower.-Biol. Plant. 50: 81–86, 2006.
Lang, V., Mantyla, E., Welin, B., Sundberg, B., Palva, E.T.: Alterations in water status, endogenous abscisic acid content, and expression of rab18 gene during the development of freezing tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana.-Plant Physiol. 104: 1341–1349, 1994.
Lang, V., Palva, E.T.: The expression of a Rab-related gene, Rab18, is induced by abscisic acid during the cold-acclimation process of Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh.-Plant mol. Biol. 20: 951–962, 1992.
Lee, S.C., Lee, M.Y., Kim, S.J., Jun, S.H., An, G., Kim, S.R.: Characterization of an abiotic stress-inducible dehydrin gene, OsDhn1, in rice (Oryza sativa L.).-Mol. Cells 19: 212–218, 2005.
Levi, A., Panta, G.R., Parmentier, C.M., Muthalif, M.M., Arora, R., Shanker, S., Rowland, L.J.: Complementary DNA cloning, sequencing and expression of an unusual dehydrin from blueberry floral buds.-Physiol. Plant. 107: 98–109, 1999.
Lim, C.C., Krebs, S.L., Arora, R.: A 25-kDa dehydrin associated with genotype-and age-dependent leaf freezing tolerance in Rhododendron: a genetic marker for cold hardiness?-Theor. appl. Genet. 99: 912–920, 1999.
Limin, A.E., Danyluk, J., Chauvin, L.-P., Fowler, D.B., Sarhan, F.: Chromosome mapping of low-temperature induced Wcs120 family genes and regulation of cold-tolerance expression in wheat.-Mol. gen. Genet. 253: 720–727, 1997.
Marian, C.O., Krebs, S.L., Arora, R.: Dehydrin variability among Rhododendron species: a 25-kDa dehydrin is conserved and associated with cold acclimation across diverse species.-New Phytol. 161: 773–780, 2003.
Maruyama, K., Sakuma, Y., Kasuga, M., Ito, Y., Seki, M., Goda, H., Shimada, Y., Yoshida, S., Shinozaki, K., Yamaguchi-Shinozaki, K.: Identification of cold-inducible downstream genes of the Arabidopsis DREB1A/CBF3 transcriptional factor using two microarray systems.-Plant J. 38: 982–993, 2004.
Monroy, A.F., Castonguay, Y., Laberge, S., Sarhan, F., Vezina, L.P., Dhindsa, R.S.: A new cold-induced alfalfa gene is associated with enhanced hardening at subzero temperature.-Plant Physiol. 102: 873–879, 1993.
Muthalif, M.M., Rowland, L.J.: Identification of dehydrin-like proteins responsive to chilling in floral buds of blueberry (Vaccinium section Cyanococcus).-Plant Physiol. 104: 1439–1447, 1994.
Neven, L.G., Haskell, D.W., Hofig, A., Li, Q.B., Guy, C.L.: Characterization of a spinach gene responsive to low temperature and water stress.-Plant mol. Biol. 21: 291–305, 1993.
Nylander, M., Svensson, J., Palva, E.T., Wellin, B.V.: Stress-induced accumulation and tissue-specific localisation of dehydrins in Arabidopsis thaliana.-Plant mol. Biol. 45: 263–279, 2001.
Ohno, R., Takumi, S., Nakamura, C.: Kinetics of transcript and protein accumulation of a low-molecular-weight wheat LEA D-11 dehydrin in response to low temperature.-J. Plant Physiol. 160: 193–200, 2003.
Parmentier-Line, C.M., Panta, G.R., Rowland, L.J.: Changes in dehydrin expression associated with cold, ABA and PEG treatments in blueberry cell cultures.-Plant Sci. 162: 273–282, 2002.
Porat, R., Pasentsis, K., Rozentzvieg, D., Gerasopoulos, D., Falara, V., Samach, A., Lurie, S., Kanellis, A.K.: Isolation of a dehydrin cDNA from orange and grapefruit citrus fruit that is specifically induced by the combination of heat followed by chilling temperatures.-Physiol. Plant. 120: 256–264, 2004.
Porat, R., Pavoncello, D., Lurie, S., McCollum, T.G.: Identification of a grapefruit cDNA belonging to a unique class of citrus dehydrins and characterization of its expression patterns under temperature stress conditions.-Physiol. Plant. 115: 598–603, 2002.
Prášil, I.T., Prášilová, P., Pánková, K.: Relationships among vernalization, shoot apex development and frost tolerance in wheat.-Ann. Bot. 94: 413–418, 2004.
Prášil, I.T., Prášilová, P., Pánková, K.: The relationship between vernalization requirement and frost tolerance in substitution lines of wheat.-Biol. Plant. 49: 195–200, 2005.
Puhakainen, T., Hess, M.V., Makela, P., Svensson, J., Heino, P., Palva, E.T.: Overexpression of multiple dehydrin genes enhances tolerance to freezing stress in Arabidopsis.-Plant mol. Biol. 54: 743–753, 2004a.
Puhakainen, T., Li, C., Malm, M.-B., Kangasjarvi, J., Heino, P., Palva, T.: Short-day potentiation of low temperature-induced gene expression of a C-repeat-binding factor-controlled gene during cold acclimation in silver birch.-Plant Physiol. 136: 4299–4307, 2004b.
Quellet, F., Houde, M., Sarhan, F.: Purification, characterization and cDNA cloning of the 200 kDa protein induced by cold acclimation in wheat.-Plant Cell Physiol. 34: 59–65, 1993.
Rampino, P., Pataleo, S., Gerardi, C., Mita, G., Perrotta, C.: Drought stress response in wheat: physiological and molecular analysis of resistant and sensitive genotypes.-Plant Cell Environ. 29: 2143–2152, 2006.
Renault, J., Hausman, J.-F., Wisniewski, M.E.: Proteomics and low-temperature studies: bridging the gap between gene expression and metabolism.-Physiol. Plant. 126: 97–109, 2006.
Renault, J., Hoffmann, L., Hausman, J.-F.: Biochemical and physiological mechanisms related to cold acclimation and enhanced freezing tolerance in poplar plantlets.-Physiol. Plant. 125: 82–94, 2005.
Richard, S., Morency, M.-J., Drevet, C., Jouanin, L., Seguin, A.: Isolation and characterization of a dehydrin gene from white spruce induced upon wounding, drought and cold stresses.-Plant mol. Biol. 43: 1–10, 2000.
Rinne, P.L.H., Kaikuranta, P.L.M., van der Plas, L.H.W., van der Schoot, C.: Dehydrins in cold-acclimated apices of birch (Betula pubescens Ehrh.): production, localization and potential role in rescuing enzyme function during dehydration.-Planta 209: 377–388, 1999.
Rodriguez, E.M., Svensson, J.T., Malatrasi, M., Choi, D.-W., Close, TJ.: Barley Dhn13 encodes a KS-type dehydrin with constitutive and stress responsive expression.-Theor. appl. Genet. 110: 852–858, 2005.
Rorat, T., Grygorowicz, W.J., Irzykowski, W., Rey, P.: Expression of KS-type dehydrins is primarily regulated by factor related to organ type and leaf developmental stage during vegetative growth.-Planta 218: 878–885, 2004.
Rorat, T., Szabala, B.M., Grygorowicz, W.J., Wojtowicz, B., Yin, Z., Rey, P.: Expression of SK3-type dehydrin in transporting organs is associated with cold acclimation in Solanum species.-Planta 224: 205–221, 2006.
Rouse, D.T., Marotta, R., Parish, R.W.: Promoter and expression studies on an Arabidopsis thaliana dehydrin gene.-FEBS Lett. 381: 252–256, 1996.
Sakai, A., Larcher, W.: Frost Survival of Plants. Responses and Adaptation to Freezing Stress.-Springer-Verlag Berlin-Heidelberg-New York-London-Paris-Tokyo 1987.
Sarhan, F., Danyluk, J.: Engineering cold-tolerant crops-throwing the master switch.-Trends Plant Sci. 3: 289–290, 1998.
Sarhan, F., Ouellet, F., Vazquez-Tello, A.: The wheat wcs120 gene family. A useful model to understand the molecular genetics of freezing tolerance in cereals.-Physiol. Plant. 101: 439–445, 1997.
Seki, M., Narusaka, M., Ishida, J., Nanjo, T., Fujita, M., Oono, Y., Kamiya, A., Nakajima, M., Enju, A., Sakurai, T., Satou, M., Akiyama, K., Taji, T., Yamaguchi-Shinozaki, K., Carninci, P., Kawai, J., Hayashizaki, Y., Shinozaki, K.: Monitoring the expression profiles of 7000 Arabidopsis genes under drought, cold and high-salinity stresses using a full-length cDNA microarray.-Plant J. 31: 279–292, 2002.
Stupnikova, I.V., Borovskii, G.B., Antipina, A.I., Voinikov, V.K.: Polymorphism of thermostable proteins in soft wheat seedlings during low-temperature acclimation.-Russ. J. Plant Physiol. 48: 804–809, 2001.
Stupnikova, I.V., Borovskii, G.B., Dorofeev, N.V., Peshkova, A.A., Voinikov, V.K.: Accumulation and disappearance of dehydrins and sugars depending on freezing tolerance of winter wheat plants at different developmental phases.-J. therm. Biol. 27: 55–60, 2002.
Svensson, J., Ismail, A., Palva, E.T., Close, T.J.: Dehydrins.-In: Storey, K.B., Storey, J.M. (ed.): Sensing, Signalling and Cell Adaptation. Pp. 155–171. Elsevier Science, Amsterdam 2002.
Thomashow, M.F.: Plant cold acclimation: freezing tolerance genes and regulatory mechanisms.-Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant mol. Biol. 50: 571–599, 1999.
Van Zee, K., Chen, F.Q., Hayes, P.M., Close, TJ., Chen, T.H.H.: Cold-specific induction of a dehydrin gene family member in barley.-Plant Physiol. 108: 1233–1239, 1995.
Vazquez-Tello, A., Quellet, F., Sarhan, F.: Low temperature-stimulated phosphorylation regulates the binding of nuclear factor to the promoter of Wcs120, a cold-specific gene in wheat.-Mol. gen. Genet. 257: 157–166, 1998.
Velten, J., Oliver, M.J.: Tr288, a rehydrin with a dehydrin twist.-Plant mol. Biol. 45: 713–722, 2001.
Vítámvás, P., Saalbach, G., Prášil, I.T., Čapková, V., Opatrná, J., Jahoor, A.: WCS120 protein family and proteins soluble upon boiling in cold-acclimated winter wheat.-J. Plant Physiol., in press, 2007.
Wahid, A., Close, T.J.: Expression of dehydrins under heat stress and their relationship with water relations of sugarcane leaves.-Biol. Plant. 51: 104–109, 2007.
Wei, H., Fu, Y., Arora, R.: Intron-flanking EST-PCR markers: from genetic marker development to gene structure analysis in Rhododendron.-Theor. appl. Genet. 111: 1347–1356, 2005.
Wellin, B.V., Olson, A., Nylander, M., Palva, E.T.: Characterization and differential expression of Dhn/Lea/Rab-like genes during cold acclimation and drought stress in Arabidopsis thaliana.-Plant mol. Biol. 26: 131–144, 1994.
Wellin, B.V., Olson, A., Palva, E.T.: Structure and organization of two closely-related low-temperature-induced Dhn/Lea/Rab-like genes in Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh.-Plant mol. Biol. 29: 391–395, 1995.
Welling, A., Moritz, T., Palva, E.T., Juntilla, O.: Independent activation of cold acclimation by low temperature and short photoperiod in hybrid aspen.-Plant Physiol. 129: 1633–1641, 2002.
Welling, A., Palva, T.: Molecular control of cold acclimation in trees.-Physiol. Plant. 127: 167–181, 2006.
Welling, A., Rinne, P., Vihera-Aarnio, A., Kontunen-Soppela, S., Heino, P., Palva, E.T.: Photoperiod and temperature differentially regulate the expression of two dehydrin genes during overwintering of birch (Betula pubescens Ehrh.).-J. exp. Bot. 55: 507–516, 2004.
Wisniewski, M., Close, T.J., Artlip, T., Arora, R.: Seasonal patterns of dehydrins and 70-kDa heat-shock proteins in bark tissues of eight species of woody plants.-Physiol. Plant. 96: 496–505, 1996.
Wisniewski, M., Webb, R., Balsamo, R., Close, T.J., Yu, X.-M., Griffith, M.: Purification, immunolocalization, cryoprotective, and antifreeze activity of PCA60: a dehydrin from peach (Prunus persica).-Physiol. Plant. 105: 600–608, 1999.
Wolfraim, L.A., Langis, R., Tyson, H., Dhindsa, R.S.: cDNA sequence, expression, and transcript stability of a cold acclimation-specific gene, cas18, of alfalfa (Medicago falcata) cells.-Plant Physiol. 101: 1275–1282, 1993.
Yakubov, B., Barazani, O., Shachack, A., Rowland, L.J., Shoseyov, O., Golan-Goldhirsh, A.: Cloning and expression of a dehydrin-like protein from Pistacia vera L.-Trees 19: 224–230, 2005.
Yang, T., Zhang, L., Zhang, T., Zhang, H., Xu, S., An, L.: Transcriptional regulation network of cold-responsive genes in higher plants.-Plant Sci. 169: 987–995, 2005.
Yao, K., Lockhart, K.M., Kalanack, J.J.: Cloning of dehydrin sequences from Brassica juncea and Brassica napus and their low temperature-inducible expression in germinating seeds.-Plant Physiol. Biochem. 43: 83–89, 2005.
Yin, Z., Rorat, T., Szabala, B.M., Ziolkowska, A., Malepszy, S.: Expression of a Solanum sogarandinum SK3-type dehydrin enhances cold tolerance in transgenic cucumber seedlings.-Plant Sci. 170: 1164–1172, 2006.
Zhu, B., Choi, D.-W., Fenton, R., Close, T.J.: Expression of the barley dehydrin multigene family and the development of freezing tolerance.-Mol. gen. Genet. 264: 145–153, 2000.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kosová, K., Vítámvás, P. & Prášil, I.T. The role of dehydrins in plant response to cold. Biol Plant 51, 601–617 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10535-007-0133-6
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10535-007-0133-6