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The Significance of Tumor Markers for Proliferation and Apoptosis in Predicting Survival in Colorectal Cancer

  • Original Contribution
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Diseases of the Colon & Rectum

PURPOSE

Clinicopathologic staging is even today the best prognostic factor in both colon and rectal cancers. There is still considerable variation in survival within the stages. To find other prognostic indicators we investigated six biologic markers associated with apoptosis and cell proliferation.

METHODS

Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue samples of 363 patients with primary colon or rectal cancer of Dukes Stages A to D were chosen for immunohistochemical staining of five tumor markers: bcl-2, p53, Ki-67, cyclin D1, and carcinoembryonic antigen. Also, the number of apoptotic cells was studied by the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated d-UTP nick end labeling method in 347 cases. The study was done on specially prepared tissue arrays.

RESULTS

In rectal cancer, patients with a Ki-67 labeling index of 5 percent or higher had a better prognosis than those with a lower index. Also, positive cytoplasmic p53 expression predicted a favorable outcome in rectal cancer. In colon cancer, positive nuclear staining of cyclin D1 reflected better survival. Weak and moderate staining of carcinoembryonic antigen correlated with better prognosis than strong staining, but negative staining predicted poor outcome. High apoptotic index of 100 or higher correlated with poor prognosis in colon cancer. However, in rectal cancer, the trend was the opposite. Bcl-2 staining tended to be more intense in samples of patients living 5 years or longer compared with those with worse prognosis.

CONCLUSIONS

Colon cancer and rectal cancer seem to have different biologic behavior, at least with respect to apoptosis, cytoplasmic p53 expression, and perhaps Ki-67 and carcinoembryonic antigen. Further studies are needed to clarify the significance of these factors.

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ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The authors thank Mrs Sinikka Kollanus for technical assistance in preparing the samples.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Surgery, Turku University Central Hospital, Turku, Finland

    Marja Hilska M.D., Matti Laato M.D., Ph.D. & Peter J. Roberts M.D., Ph.D.

  2. Department of Pathology, Turku University Central Hospital, Turku, Finland

    Yrjö U. Collan M.D., Ph.D., F.R.C.Path., V. Jukka O Laine M.D., Ph.D. & Pirkko Hirsimäki Ph.D.

  3. Department of Surgery, Päijät-Häme Central Hospital, Lahti, Finland

    Jyrki Kössi M.D., Ph.D.

Authors
  1. Marja Hilska M.D.
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  2. Yrjö U. Collan M.D., Ph.D., F.R.C.Path.
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  3. V. Jukka O Laine M.D., Ph.D.
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  6. Matti Laato M.D., Ph.D.
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  7. Peter J. Roberts M.D., Ph.D.
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Correspondence to Marja Hilska M.D..

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Supported by a grant from the South West Finland Hospital District, Turku, Finland.

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Hilska, M., Collan, Y., O Laine, V. et al. The Significance of Tumor Markers for Proliferation and Apoptosis in Predicting Survival in Colorectal Cancer. Dis Colon Rectum 48, 2197–2208 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10350-005-0202-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10350-005-0202-x

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