Abstract
Objective
To better understand cutaneous photosensitivity reactions, a review of its etiologic factors, clinical characteristics, pathogenesis, and treatment modalities was undertaken.
Methods
Articles discussing the above aspects of phototoxic and photoallergic reactions were used to demonstrate what is currently known about photoinduced reactions and how to treat them.
Results
Upon interaction of solar UV radiation with the chemical that is present in significant levels on the skin, one of two known reactions may occur in susceptible patients: a phototoxicity and/or photoallergy. Phototoxic and photoallergic reactions can be diagnosed separately on the basis of pathogenesis, clinical characteristics, and histology. Examples of drugs capable of inducing a phototoxic reaction include amiodarone, retinoids, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents, diuretics, and antibiotics. Substances known to cause a photoallergic response are fragrances, sunscreens, topical antimicrobials, NSAID, and psychiatric medications, such as chlorpromezine.
Conclusion
Photoinduced reactions produced by exogenous chemicals are common skin disorders. Definitive therapy requires identifying and removing the offending agent, either the photosensitizing chemical or light. The use of fully protective clothing and a sunscreen of high SPF are important measures when light exposure is inevitable.
Sommaire
Objectif
Afin de mieux comprendre les rèactions de photosensibilité cutanée, les facteurs étiologiques, les caractéristiques cliniques, la pathogenèse et les traitements propres à cette affection ont été passés en revue.
Méthode
Recours à des articles traitant des aspects sus-mentionnés de la phototoxicité et des réactions photoallergiques en vue d’exposer les connaissances actuelles sur les photoréactions et les moyens de les traiter.
Résultats
Chez les patients susceptibles, deux réactions peuvent avoir lieu au moment de l’interaction des radiations UV avec les substances chimiques contenues en quantités considérables sur la peau: une phototoxicité ou une photoallergie. Les réactions phototoxiques et photoallergiques peuvent être diagnostiquées indépendanment, selon la pathogenèse, lés caractéristiques cliniques et l’histologie. Certains médicaments sont susceptibles de causer une réaction phototoxique, notamment l’amiodarone, les rétinoïdes, les anti-inflammatoires non stéroïdiens, les diurétiques et les antibiotiques. Les substances pouvant causer une rèaction photoallergique sont les parfums, les écrans solaires, les agents topiques antimicrobiens, les anti-inflammatoires non stéroïdiens et les médicaments utilisés en psychiatrie, tels que la chlorpromazine.
Conclusion
Les photoréactions produites par les substances chimiques exogènes représented une affection cutanée courante. Un traitement définitif nécessite l’identification et la suppression de l’agent en cause, soit la substance photosensibilisante ou la lumière. Lorsque l’exposition à la lumière est inévitable, il est essentiel de porter des vêtements protecteurs et d’utiliser un écran solaire ayant un FPS élevé.
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Lankerani, L., Baron, E.D. Photosensitivity to Exogenous Agents. J Cutan Med Surg 8, 424–431 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10227-005-0017-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10227-005-0017-3