Abstract
Microbial polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are a family of biopolyesters produced by many wild type and engineered bacteria. PHAs have diverse structures accompanied by flexible thermal and mechanical properties. Combined with their in vitro biodegradation, cell and tissue compatibility, PHAs have been studied for medical applications, especially medical implants applications, including heart valve tissue engineering, vascular tissue engineering, bone tissue engineering, cartilage tissue engineering, nerve conduit tissue engineering as well as esophagus tissue engineering. Most studies have been conducted in the authors’ lab in the past 20+ years. Recently, mechanism on PHA promoted tissue regeneration was revealed to relate to cell responses to PHA biodegradation products and cell-material interactions mediated by microRNA. Very importantly, PHA implants were found not to cause carcinogenesis during long-term implantation. Thus, PHAs should have a bright future in biomedical areas.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Explore related subjects
Discover the latest articles, news and stories from top researchers in related subjects.Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
Gao, X., Chen, J.C., Wu, Q. and Chen, G.Q., Curr. Opin. Biotechnol., 2011, 22: 768
Chen, G.Q. and Wu, Q., Biomaterials, 2005, 26: 6565
Wu, Q., Wang, Y. and Chen, G.Q., Artif. Cells Blood Substit. Immobil. Biotechnol., 2009, 37: 1
Chen, G.Q. and Patel, M.K., Chem. Rev., 2012, 112: 2082
Chen, G.Q., Wu, Q., Xi, J. Z. and Yu, H.P., Prog. Natl. Sci., 2000, 10: 843
Suriyamongkol, P., Weselake, R., Narine, S., Moloney, M. and Shah, S., Biotechnol. Adv., 2007, 25: 148
Khanna, S. and Srivastava, A.K., Process Biochem., 2005, 40: 607
Martin, D.P. and Williams, S.F., Biochem. Eng. J., 2003, 16: 97
Hu, Y.J., Wei, X., Zhao, W., Liu, Y.S. and Chen, G.Q., Acta Biomater., 2009, 5: 1115
Li, R., Zhang, H.X. and Qi, Q.S., Biores. Technol., 2007, 98: 2313
Gogolewski, S., Jovanovic, M., Perren, S.M., Dillon, J.G. and Hughes, M.K., J. Biomed. Mater. Res., 1993, 27: 1135
Williams, S.F., Martin, D.P., Horowitz, D.M. and Peoples, O.P., Intl. J. Biol. Macrom. 1999, 25: 111
Qu, X.H., Wu, Q., Zhang, K.Y. and Chen, G.Q., Biomaterials, 2006, 27: 3540
Bostman, O.M., J. Bone Joint Surg. Am., 1991, 73: 148
Sodian, R., Sperling, J.S., Martin, D.P., Stock, U., Mayer, J.E. and Vacanti, J.P., Tissue Eng., 1999, 5: 489
Shen, F., Zhang, E. and Wei, Z., Colloids Surf. B Biointerfaces, 2009, 73: 302
Qu, X.H., Wu, Q., Liang, J., Qu, X., Wang, S.G. and Chen, G.Q., Biomaterials, 2005, 26: 6991
Zhao, K., Yang, X., Chen, G.Q. and Chen, J.C., Mater. Sci. Mater. Med., 2002, 13: 849
Pompe, T., Keller, K., Mothes, G., Nitschke, M., Teese, M., Zimmermann, R. and Werner, C., Biomaterials, 2007, 28: 28
Lundgren, D.G., Pfister, R.M. and Merrick, J.M., J. Gen. Microbiol., 1964, 34: 441
Kawaguchi, Y. and Doi, Y., FEMS Microbiol. Lett., 1990, 70: 151
Vazquez, G.J., Wieczoreck, R., Steinbuechel, A. and Mendez, B.S., Rev. Argent. Microbiol., 1996, 28: 118
Dong, Y., Li, P., Chen, C.B., Wang, Z.H., Ma, P. and Chen, G.Q., Biomaterials, 2010, 31: 8921
You, M., Peng, G., Li, J., Ma, P., Wang, Z., Shu, W., Peng, S. and Chen, G.Q., Biomaterials, 2011, 32: 2305
Dong, C.L., Li, S.Y., Wang, Y., Dong, Y., Tang, J.Z., Chen, J.C. and Chen, G.Q., Biomaterials, 2011, 33: 2593
Zhao, Q., Wang, S., Kong, M., Geng, W., Li, R.K., Song, C. and Kong, D., J. Biomed. Mater. Res. B Appl. Biomater., 2009, 100: 23
Wang, Y.W., Wu, Q. and Chen, G.Q., Biomacromolecules, 2005, 6: 566
Li, X.T., Sun, J., Chen, S. and Chen, G.Q., J. Biomed. Mater. Res. A, 2008, 87: 832
Shangguan, Y.Y., Wang, Y.W., Wu, Q. and Chen, G.Q., Biomaterials, 2006, 27: 2349
Senthilnathan, V., Treasure, T., Grunkemeier, G. and Starr, A., Cardiovasc. Surg., 1999, 7: 393
Schmidt, D. and Hoerstrup, S.P., Swiss Medical Weekly, 2006, 136: 618
Schmidt, D., Stock, U.A. and Hoerstrup, S.P., Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B. Biol. Sci., 2007, 362: 1505
Rieder, E., Kasimir, M. T., Silberhumer, G., Seebacher, G., Wolner, E., Simon, P. and Weigel, G., J. Thoracic Cardiovascular Surg., 2004, 127: 399
Schenke-Layland, K., Vasilevski, O., Opitz, F., Konig, K., Riemann, I., Halbhuber, K.J., Wahlers, T. and Stock, U.A., J. Structural Biol., 2003, 143: 201
Engelmayr, G.C., Hildebrand, D.K., Sutherland, F.W.H., Mayer, J.E. and Sacks, M.S., Biomaterials, 2003, 24: 2523
Zund, G., Breuer, C.K., Shinoka, T., Ma, P.X., Langer, R., Mayer, J.E. and Vacanti, J.P., Eur. J. Cardiothorac Surg., 1997, 11: 493
Hutmacher, D.W., Schantz, T., Zein, I., Ng, K.W., Teoh, S.H. and Tan, K.C., J. Biomed. Mater. Res., 2001, 55: 203
Sodian, R., Hoerstrup, S.P., Sperling, J.S., Daebritz, S., Martin, D.P., Moran, A.M., Kim, B.S., Schoen, F.J., Vacanti, J.P. and Mayer, J.E., Circulation, 2000, 102: 22
Sodian, R., Hoerstrup, S.P., Sperling, J.S., Daebritz, S.H., Martin, D.P., Schoen, F.J., Vacanti, J.P. and Mayer, J.E., Annals Thoracic Surg., 2000, 70: 140
Sodian, R., Hoerstrup, S.P., Sperling, J.S., Martin, D.P., Daebritz, S., Mayer, J.E. and Vacanti, J.P., ASAIO J., 2000, 46: 107
Sodian, R., Sperling, J.S., Martin, D.P., Egozy, A., Stock, U., Mayer, J.E. and Vacanti, J.P., Tissue Eng., 2000, 6: 183
Stock, U.A., Degenkolbe, I., Attmann, T., Schenke-Layland, K., Freitag, S. and Lutter, G., J. Thoracic Cardiovascular Sur., 2006, 131: 1323
Stamm, C., Khosravi, A., Grabow, N., Schmohl, K., Treckmann, N., Drechsel, A., Nan, M., Schmitz, K.P., Haubold, A. and Steinhoff, G., Annals Thoracic Surg., 2004, 78: 2084
Wu, S., Liu, Y. L., Cui, B., Qu, X.H. and Chen, G.Q., Artif. Organs, 2007, 31: 689
Hoerstrup, S.P., Sodian, R., Daebritz, S., Wang, J., Bacha, E.A., Martin, D.P., Moran, A.M., Guleserian, K.J., Sperling, J.S., Kaushal, S., Vacanti, J.P., Schoen, F.J. and Mayer, J.E., Circulation, 2000, 102: 44
Ratcliffe, A., Matrix Biol., 2000, 19: 353
Hoerstrup, S.P., Zund, G., Sodian, R., Schnell, A.M., Grunenfelder, J. and Turina, M.I., Eur. J. Cardio-Thoracic Surg., 2001, 20: 164
Abbott, W.M., Callow, A., Moore, W., Rutherford, R., Veith, F. and Weinberg, S.J., Vascular Surg., 1993, 17: 746
Cassell, O.C.S., Hofer, S.O.P., Morrison, W.A. and Knight, K.R., Brit. J. Plastic Surg., 2002, 55: 603
Salacinski, H., Tiwari, A., Hamilton, G. and Seifalian, A.M., J. Biomed. Mater. Res., 2002, 61: 337
Langer, R., Vacanti, J.P., Science, 1993, 260: 920
Wang, C., Cen, L., Yin, S., Liu, Q.H., Liu, W., Cao, Y.L. and Cui, L., Biomaterials, 2010, 31: 621
Zhang, L., Ao, Q., Wang, A.J., Lu, G.Y., Kong, L.J., Gong, Y.D., Zhao, N.M. and Zhang, X.F., J. Biomed. Mater. Res. Part A, 2006, 77A: 277
Zhang, X.H., Wang, X.L., Keshav, V., Wang, X.Q., Johanas, J.T., Leisk, G.G. and Kaplan, D.L., Biomaterials, 2009, 30: 3213
Shum-Tim, D., Stock, U., Hrkach, J., Shinoka, T., Lien, J., Moses, M.A., Stamp, A., Taylor, G., Moran, A.M., Landis, W., Langer, R., Vacanti, J.P. and Mayer, J.E., J. Ann. Thorac. Surg., 1999, 68: 2298
Stock, U.A., Sakamoto, T., Hatsuoka, S., Martin, D.P., Nagashima, M., Moran, A. M., Moses, M. A., Khalil, P.N., Schoen, F.J., Vacanti, J.P. and Mayer, J.E., J. Thorac. Cardiovascular Surg., 2000, 120: 1158
Opitz, F., Schenke-Layland, K., Richter, W., Martin, D.P., Degenkolbe, I., Wahlers, T. and Stock, U.A., Ann. Biomed. Eng., 2004, 32: 212
Mendelson, K., Aikawa, E., Mettler, B.A., Sales, V., Martin, D., Mayer, J.E. and Schoen, F., J. Cardiovasc. Pathol., 2007, 16: 277
Qu, X.H., Wu, Q. and Chen, G.Q., J. Biomater. Sci. Polym. Ed., 2006, 17: 1107
Wu, S., Liu, Y., Cui, B., Tang, Y., Wang, Q., Qu, X. and Chen, G., Chinese J. Biotechnol., 2008, 24: 610
Sommerfeldt, D.W. and Rubin, C.T., Eur. Spine J., 2001, 10: S86
Salgado, A.J., Coutinho, O.P. and Reis, R.L., Macromol. Biosci., 2004, 4: 743
Molera, J.G., Mendez, J. A. and Roman, J.S., Curr. Pharm. Des., 2012, 18: 2536
Shamsuria, O., Fadilah, A.S., Asiah, A.B., Rodiah, M.R., Suzina, A.H. and Samsudin, A.R., Med. J. Malaysia, 2004, 59(Suppl B): 174
Doyle, C., Tanner, E.T. and Bonfield, W., Biomaterials, 1991, 12: 841
Luklinska, Z.B. and Bonfield, W., J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Med., 1997, 8: 379
Bernd, H.E., Kunze, C., Freier, T., Sternberg, K., Kramer, S., Behrend, D., Prall, F., Donat, M. and Kramp, B. Acta Otolaryngol., 2009, 129: 1010
Kose, G T., Ber, S., Korkusuz, F. and Hasirci, V., J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Med., 2003, 14: 121
Kose, G.T., Korkusuz, F., Korkusuz, P. and Hasirci, V., Tissue Eng., 2004, 10: 1234
Boeree, N.R., Dove, J., Cooper, J.J., Knowles, J. and Hastings, G.W., Biomaterials, 1993, 14: 793
Ni, J. and Wang, M., Mater. Sci. Eng. C-Biomimetic Supramolecular Syst., 2002, 20: 101
Chen, L.J. and Wang, M., Biomaterials, 2002, 23: 2631
Jiang, T., Hu, P., Liu, L. and Li, Y., Tsinghua Sci. Technol., 2002, 7: 463
Coskun, S., Korkusuz, F. and Hasirci, V., J. Biomater. Sci. Polym. Ed., 2005, 16: 1485
Galego, N., Rozsa, C., Sanchez, R., Fung, J., Vazquez, A. and Tomas, J.S., Polym. Test., 2000, 19: 485
Shishatskaya, E.I., Khlusov, I.A. and Volova, T.G., J. Biomater. Sci. Polym. Ed., 2006, 17: 481
Cool, S.M., Kenny, B., Wu, A., Nurcombe, V., Trau, M., Cassady, A.I. and Grondahl, L., J. Biomed. Mater. Res. A, 2007, 82: 599
Luklinska, Z.B. and Schluckwerder, H., J. Microsc., 2003, 211: 121
Gotfredsen, K., Nimb, L. and Hjorting-Hansen, E., Clin. Oral Implants Res., 1994, 5: 83
Liu, Y. and Wang, M., Adv. Composite Mater. Struct., Pts 1 and, 2, 2007, 334–335: 1217
Zheng, Y.D., Wang, Y.J., Yang, H.A., Chen, X.F. and Chen, Z.H., J. Biomed. Mater. Res. Part B Appl. Biomater., 2007, 80B: 236
Zheng, Y.D., Wang, Y.J., Chen, X.F., Ren, Y.B. and Wu, G., Chem. J. Chinese Univ., 2003, 24: 1325
Al-Salihi, K.A. and Samsudin, A.R., Med. J. Malaysia, 2004, 59(Suppl B): 202
Li, H.Y. and Chang, J., Biomaterials, 2004, 25: 5473
Li, H., Zhai, W. and Chang, J., J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Med., 2008, 19: 67
Wang, Y.W., Wu, Q. and Chen, G.Q., Biomaterials, 2004, 25: 669
Li, J., Yun, H., Gong, Y.D., Zhao, N.M. and Zhang, X.F., J. Biomed. Mater. Res. Part A, 2005, 75A: 985
Wei, X., Hu, Y. J., Xie, W. P., Lin, R. L. and Chen, G.Q., J. Biomed. Mater. Res. A, 2009, 90: 894
LeBaron, R.G. and Athanasiou, K.A., Biomaterials, 2000, 21: 2575
Schulz, R.M. and Bader, A., Eur. Biophys. J., 2007, 36: 539
Deng, Y., Zhao, K., Zhang, X.F., Hu, P. and Chen, G.Q., Biomaterials, 2002, 23: 4049
Sun, J.Y., Wu, J., Li, H.Y. and Chang, J., Eur. Polym. J., 2005, 41: 2443
Deng, Y., Zhao, K., Zhang, X.F., Hu, P. and Chen, G.Q., Biomaterials, 2002, 23: 4049
Zhao, K., Deng, Y., Chen, J.C. and Chen, G.Q., Biomaterials, 2003, 24: 1041
Deng, Y., Lin, X.S., Zheng, Z., Deng, J.G., Chen, J.C., Ma, H. and Chen, G.Q., Biomaterials, 2003, 24: 4273
Zheng, Z., Bei, F.F., Tian, H.L. and Chen, G.Q., Biomaterials, 2005, 26: 3537
You, M., Peng, G., Li, J., Ma, P., Wang, Z., Shu, W., Peng, S. and Chen, G.Q., Biomaterials, 2010, 32: 2305
Lomas, A.J., Chen, G.Q., El Haj, A.J. and Forsyth, N.R., J. Tissue Eng. Regenerative Med., 2012, 6(Suppl 1): 46
Lomas, A.J., Webb, W.R., Han. J., Chen, G.Q., Sun, X., Zhang, Z., El Haj, A. J. and Forsyth, N., Tissue Eng. Part C Methods, 2013, doi: 10.1089/en.TEC.2012.0457
Yan, C., Wang, Y.. Shen, X.Y., Yang, G., Jian, J., Wang, H.S., Chen, G.Q. and Wu, Q., Biomaterials, 2011, 32: 6435
Kose, G.T., Korkusuz, F., Ozkul, A., Soysal, Y., Ozdemir, T., Yildiz, C. and Hasirci, V., Biomaterials, 2005, 26: 5187
Wang, Y., Bian, Y.Z., Wu, Q. and Chen, G.Q., Biomaterials, 2008, 29: 2858
Zhou, J., Peng, S.W., Wang, Y.Y., Zheng, S.B., Wang, Y. and Chen, G.Q., Biomaterials, 2010, 31: 7512
Huang, Y.C. and Huang, Y.Y., Artif. Organs, 2006, 30: 514
Pabari, A., Yang, S.Y., Mosahebi, A., Seifalian, A.M., J. Control Release, 2011, 156: 2
Oh, S.H., Kim, J.H., Song, K.S., Jeon, B.H., Yoon, J.H., Seo, T.B., Namgung, U., Lee, I.W. and Lee, J.H., Biomaterials, 2008, 29: 1601
Hazari, A., Wiberg, M., Johansson-Ruden, G., Green, C. and Terenghi, G., Br. J. Plast. Surg., 1999, 52: 653
Young, R.C., Wiberg, M. and Terenghi, G., Br. J. Plast. Surg., 2002, 55: 235
Novikov, L.N., Novikova, L.N., Mosahebi, A., Wiberg, M., Terenghi, G. and Kellerth, J.O., Biomaterials, 2002, 23: 3369
Novikova, L.N., Pettersson, J., Brohlin, M., Wiberg, M. and Novikov, L.N., Biomaterials, 2008, 29: 1198
Mosahebi, A., Wiberg, M. and Terenghi, G., Tissue Eng., 2003, 9: 209
Armstrong, S.J., Wiberg, M., Terenghi, G. and Kingham, P.J., Tissue Eng., 2007, 13: 2863
Kalbermatten, D.F., Kingham, P.J., Mahay, D., Mantovani, C., Pettersson, J., Raffoul, W., Balcin, H., Pierer, G. and Terenghi, G.J., Plast. Reconstr. Aesthet. Surg., 2008, 61: 669
Mohanna, P.N., Young, R.C., Wiberg, M. and Terenghi, G., J. Anat., 2003, 203: 553
Yang, Y., Li, X., Li, G., Zhao, N. and Zhang, X., J. Biomed. Eng., 2002, 19: 25
Xu, X.Y., Li, X.T., Peng, S.W., Xiao, J.F., Liu, C., Fang, G., Chen, K. C. and Chen, G.Q., Biomaterials, 2010, 31: 3967
Bian, Y.Z., Wang, Y., Aibaidoula, G., Chen, G.Q. and Wu, Q., Biomaterials, 2009, 30: 217
Mohanna, P.N., Terenghi, G. and Wiberg, M., Scand. J. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. Hand. Surg., 2005, 39: 129
Saxena, A.K., Baumgart, H., Komann, C., Ainoedhofer, H., Soltysiak, P., Kofler, K. and Hollwarth, M.E., J. Pediatr. Surg., 2010, 45: 859
Mack, H.B., Mai, R., Lauer, G., Mack, F., Gedrange, T., Franke, R. and Gredes, T., J. Physiol. Pharmacol., 2008, 59(Suppl 5): 95
Gredes, T., Spassov, A., Mai, R., Mack, H., Loster, B.W., Mazurkiewicz-Janik, M., Kubein-Meesenburg, D., Fanghanel, J. and Gedrange, T., J. Physiol. Pharmacol., 2009, 60(Suppl 3): 77
Ricotti, L., Polini, A., Genchi, G.G., Ciofani, G., Iandolo, D., Vazao, H., Mattoli, V., Ferreira, L., Menciassi, A. and Pisignano, D., Biomed. Mater., 2012, 7: 035010
Sun, J., Dai, Z.W., Zhao, Y. and Chen, G.Q., Biomaterials, 2007, 28: 3896
Pawan, G.L.S. and Semple, S.J.G., Lancet, 1983, 1: 15
Gasior, M., Rogawski, M.A. and Hartman, A.L., Behav. Pharmacol., 2006, 17: 431
Tasaki, O., Hiraide, A., Shiozaki, T., Yamamura, H., Ninomiya, N. and Sugimoto, H., Japan J. Parenter. Enteral. Nutr., 1999, 23: 321
Cheng, S., Wu, Q., Yang, F., Xu, M., Leski, M. and Chen, G.Q., Biomacromolecules, 2005, 6: 593
Xiao, X.Q., Zhao, Y. and Chen, G.Q., Biomaterials, 2007, 28: 3608
Zhao, Y., Zou, B., Shi, Z., Wu, Q. and Chen, G.Q., Biomaterials, 2007, 28: 3063
Imamura, K., Takeshima, T., Kashiwaya, Y., Nakaso, K. and Nakashima, K., J. Neurosci. Res., 2006, 84: 1376
Kashiwaya, Y., Takeshima, T., Mori, N., Nakashima, K., Clarke, K. and Veech, R.L., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 2000, 97: 5440
Tieu, Q., Okreglak, V., Naylor, K. and Nunnari, J., J. Cell. Biol., 2002, 158: 445
Nelson, T., Kaufman, E., Kline, J. and Sokoloff, L., J. Neurochem., 1981, 37: 1345
Entholzner, E., Mielke, L., Pichlmeier, R., Weber, F. and Schneck, H., Anaesthesist, 1995, 44: 345
McBeath, R., Pirone, D.M., Nelson, C.M., Bhadriraju, K. and Chen, C.S., Dev. Cell, 2004, 6: 483
Lutolf, M.P., Gilbert, P.M. and Blau, H.M., Nature, 2009, 462: 433
Williams, D.F., Biomaterials, 2008, 29: 2941
Sands, R.W. and Mooney, D.J., Curr. Opin. Biotechnol., 2007, 18: 448
Discher, D.E., Janmey, P. and Wang, Y.L., Science, 2005, 310: 1139
Discher, D.E., Mooney, D.J. and Zandstra, P.W., Science, 2009, 324: 1673
Guo, W.H., Frey, M.T., Burnham, N.A. and Wang, Y.L., Biophys. J., 2006, 90: 2213
Thery, M., Racine, V., Piel, M., Pepin, A., Dimitrov, A., Chen, Y., Sibarita, J.B. and Bornens, M., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 2006, 103: 19771
Kim, D.H., Han, K., Gupta, K., Kwon, K.W., Suh, K.Y. and Levchenko, A., Biomaterials, 2009, 30: 5433
Yim, E.K., Reano, R.M., Pang, S.W., Yee, A.F., Chen, C.S. and Leong, K.W., Biomaterials, 2005, 26: 5405
Doyle, A.D., Wang, F.W., Matsumoto, K. and Yamada, K.M., J. Cell Biol., 2009, 184, 481
Yim, E.K., Darling, E.M., Kulangara, K., Guilak, F. and Leong, K.W., Biomaterials, 2010, 31: 1299
Tenney, R.M. and Discher, D.E., Curr. Opin. Cell Biol., 2009, 21: 630
Gardel, M. and Schwarz, U., J. Phys. Condens. Matter, 2010, 22: 190301
Hobert, O. Science, 2008, 319: 1785
Konagaya, S., Kato, K., Nakaji-Hirabayashi, T. and Iwata, H., Biomaterials, 2011, 32: 992
Shokouhi, B., Coban, C., Hasirci, V., Aydin, E., Dhanasingh, A., Shi, N., Koyama, S., Akira, S., Zenke, M. and Sechi, A.S., Biomaterials, 2010, 31: 5759
Rodriguez, J.P., Gonzalez, M., Rios, S. and Cambiazo, V., J. Cell Biochem., 2004, 93: 721
Bhadriraju, K., Yang, M., Alom Ruiz, S., Pirone, D., Tan, J. and Chen, C.S., Exp. Cell Res., 2007, 313: 3616
Treiser, M.D., Yang, E.H., Gordonov, S., Cohen, D.M., Androulakis, I.P., Kohn, J., Chen, C.S. and Moghe, P.V., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 2010, 107: 610
Ayala, R., Zhang, C., Yang, D., Hwang, Y., Aung, A., Shroff, S.S., Arce, F.T., Lal, R., Arya, G. and Varghese, S., Biomaterials, 2011, 32: 3700
Wang, Y., Gao, R., Wang, P.P., Jian, J., Jiang, X.L., Yan, C., Lin, X., Wu, L., Chen, G.Q. and Wu, Q., Biomaterials, 2011, 33: 485
Wang, Y., Jiang, X.L., Yang, S.C., Lin, X., He, Y., Yan, C., Wu, L., Chen, G.Q., Wang, Z.Y. and Wu, Q., Biomaterials, 2011, 32: 9207
Geiger, B., Spatz, J.P. and Bershadsky, A.D., Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol., 2009, 10: 21
Kim, S.H., Turnbull, J. and Guimond, S., J. Endocrinol., 2011, 209: 139
Biggs, M.J. and Dalby, M.J., Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. H., 2011, 224: 1441
Peng, S.W., Guo, X.Y., Shang, G.G., Li, J., Xu, X.Y., You, M.L., Li, P. and Chen, G.Q., Biomaterials, 2011, 32: 2546
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Additional information
This work was financially supported by the State Basic Science Foundation 973 project (Nos. 2012CB725201 and 2012CB725200).
Both authors contributed equally to this paper.
Invited paper dedicated to Professor Fosong Wang on the occasion of his 80th birthday
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Chen, Gq., Wang, Y. Medical applications of biopolyesters polyhydroxyalkanoates. Chin J Polym Sci 31, 719–736 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10118-013-1280-1
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10118-013-1280-1