Summary.
The mammalian intestinal epithelium is a rapidly self-renewing tissue in the body, and its homeostasis is preserved through strict regulation of epithelial cell proliferation, growth arrest, and apoptosis. Polyamines are necessary for normal intestinal mucosal growth and decreasing cellular polyamines inhibits cell proliferation and disrupts epithelial integrity. An increasing body of evidence indicates that polyamines regulate intestinal epithelial cell renewal by virtue of their ability to modulate expression of various genes and that growth inhibition following polyamine depletion results primarily from the activation of growth-inhibiting genes rather than a simple decrease in expression of growth-promoting genes. In this review article, we will focus on changes in expression of growth-inhibiting genes following polyamine depletion and further analyze in some detail the mechanisms through which mRNA stability is regulated by RNA-binding proteins.
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Abbreviations
- AMPK:
-
AMP-activated protein kinase
- AP-1:
-
activator protein-1
- co-Smad:
-
common-Smad
- CR:
-
coding region
- CRE:
-
cAMP responsive element
- C-siRNA:
-
control siRNA
- DENSPM:
-
N1, N11-diethylnorspermdine
- DFMO:
-
D,L-α-difluoromethylornithine
- IEC:
-
intestinal epithelial cell
- I-Smads:
-
inhibitory Smads
- NPM:
-
necleophosmin
- ODC:
-
ornithine decarboxylase
- Q-PCR:
-
real-time quantitative PCR
- R-Smads:
-
receptor-regulated Smads
- siHuR:
-
siRNA targeting HuR mRNA
- siRNA:
-
small interfering RNA
- TGF-β:
-
transforming growth factor-β
- TGFβRII:
-
TGF-β type II receptor
- TRE:
-
TPA responsive element
- 3′-UTRs:
-
3′-untranslated regions
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Wang, JY. Polyamines and mRNA stability in regulation of intestinal mucosal growth. Amino Acids 33, 241–252 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00726-007-0518-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00726-007-0518-z