Abstract
This article reports the changes to virus classification and taxonomy approved and ratified by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) in March 2020. The entire ICTV was invited to vote on 206 taxonomic proposals approved by the ICTV Executive Committee at its meeting in July 2019, as well as on the proposed revision of the ICTV Statutes. All proposals and the revision of the Statutes were approved by an absolute majority of the ICTV voting membership. Of note, ICTV has approved a proposal that extends the previously established realm Riboviria to encompass nearly all RNA viruses and reverse-transcribing viruses, and approved three separate proposals to establish three realms for viruses with DNA genomes.
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Introduction
Changes to virus taxonomy (the universal scheme of virus classification of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses [ICTV]) take place annually and are the result of a multi-stage process. In accordance with the ICTV Statutes (http://ictv.global/statutes.asp), proposals submitted to the ICTV Executive Committee (EC) undergo a review process that involves input from the ICTV Study Groups (SGs) and Subcommittees (SCs), other interested virologists, and the EC. After final approval by the EC, proposals are presented for ratification to the full ICTV membership by publication on the ICTV website (http://ictv.global) followed by an electronic vote.
The latest set of proposals approved by the EC was made available on the ICTV website in February 2020 (see https://ictv.global/proposals-2019/ for all proposals combined into a single zip file, and use the links provided in the References to access individual proposals). A list of proposals was then emailed on February 19, 2020 to the 164 members of the ICTV, namely the EC Members, Life Members, ICTV Subcommittee Members including the SG Chairs, and ICTV National Representatives. Members were then requested to vote on whether to ratify the taxonomic proposals; voting closed on March 21, 2020.
Changes to virus taxonomy and to the Statutes of the International Committee for Taxonomy of Viruses
All proposals [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87,88,89,90,91,92,93,94,95,96,97,98,99,100,101,102,103,104,105,106,107,108,109,110,111,112,113,114,115,116,117,118,119,120,121,122,123,124,125,126,127,128,129,130,131,132,133,134,135,136,137,138,139,140,141,142,143,144,145,146,147,148,149,150,151,152,153,154,155,156,157,158,159,160,161,162,163,164,165,166,167,168,169,170,171,172,173,174,175,176,177,178,179,180,181,182,183,184,185,186,187,188,189,190,191,192,193,194,195,196,197,198,199,200,201,202,203,204,205,206] were ratified by ICTV members, in every case receiving an absolute majority of votes, between 55% and 62% of eligible voters. A summary of the taxonomy changes enacted by the proposals is provided in Table 1. Each proposal is cited and listed in the References to acknowledge the authors’ efforts and to provide links to the specific proposals on the ICTV website. These documents remain available for those who wish to see the full details of the proposals.
A notable taxonomic change approved in this ratification is the extension of the realm Riboviria, a clade of viruses that use cognate RNA-directed RNA polymerases (RdRps) for their replication, to include also the reverse-transcribing viruses that use a homologous replication enzyme [6, 207,208,209,210]. In the current taxonomy, all available primary taxonomic ranks for this realm are filled. Three novel realms for distinct subsets of viruses with DNA genomes were established as well, i.e., Monodnaviria, comprising viruses of prokaryotes and eukaryotes with single-strand DNA genomes that utilize the rolling-circle replication mechanism and encode replication initiation endonucleases of the HUH superfamily; Varidnaviria, comprising viruses of prokaryotes and eukaryotes with double-strand DNA genomes and single vertical jelly-roll or double jelly-roll capsid proteins; and Duplodnaviria, comprising viruses of prokaryotes and eukaryotes with double-strand DNA genomes and HK97-fold capsid proteins [3,4,5]. A detailed justification for the establishment of these realms has been published recently [211].
To ensure that the ICTV maintains the expertise and flexibility needed to meet the challenges of virus taxonomy in the future, and to clarify the procedures for electing the Executive Committee, a working group established by the Executive Committee of the ICTV has proposed amendments to the ICTV Statutes. The amended Statutes were also ratified in the ICTV-wide vote and then approved in April 2020 by the Virology Division of the International Union of Microbiological Societies, which is the parent organization of the ICTV. The new Statutes can be found at https://ictv.global/statutes.asp. The key effects of adopting the new Statutes include: enlargement of the Executive Committee from 19 to 23 Members representing the diversity of virologists in geography, demography and expertise; establishment of a single nomination procedure and timeframe for all positions on the Executive Committee except Virus Subcommittee Chairs; and increased participation by ICTV Members in elections to the EC by allowing ballots other than those cast in person at the Plenary Meeting.
Conclusion
All proposals submitted for ratification were ratified by an absolute majority of the ICTV, and the changes proposed are now part of official ICTV taxonomy. New ICTV Statutes are now in force as well. An up-to-date list of all approved taxa can be found on the ICTV online website: https://ictv.global/msl/.
References
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Zell R, Gorbalenya AE, Hovi T, Knowles NJ, Lindberg M, Oberste S, Palmenberg AC, Reuter G, Simmonds P, Skern T, Tapparel C, Wolthers K, Woo P (2019) Create one new genus (Felipivirus) with one species (Felipivirus A) 2019.006S. roland.zell@med.uni-jena.de. https://ictv.global/ICTV/proposals/2019.006S.zip. Accessed 17 May 2020
Zell R, Gorbalenya AE, Hovi T, Knowles NJ, Lindberg M, Oberste S, Palmenberg AC, Reuter G, Simmonds P, Skern T, Tapparel C, Wolthers K, Woo P (2019) Create one new genus (Fipivirus) with five species (Fipivirus A, Fipivirus B, Fipivirus C, Fipivirus D and Fipivirus E) 2019.007S. roland.zell@med.uni-jena.de. https://ictv.global/ICTV/proposals/2019.007S.zip. Accessed 17 May 2020
Zell R, Gorbalenya AE, Hovi T, Knowles NJ, Lindberg M, Oberste S, Palmenberg AC, Reuter G, Simmonds P, Skern T, Tapparel C, Wolthers K, Woo P (2019) Create one new genus (Grusopivirus) with two species (Grusopivirus A and Grusopivirus B) in the family Picornaviridae 2019.008S. roland.zell@med.uni-jena.de. https://ictv.global/ICTV/proposals/2019.008S.zip. Accessed 17 May 2020
Zell R, Gorbalenya AE, Hovi T, Knowles NJ, Lindberg M, Oberste S, Palmenberg AC, Reuter G, Simmonds P, Skern T, Tapparel C, Wolthers K, Woo P (2019) Create five new genera (Hemipivirus, Myrropivirus, Pemapivirus, Symapivirus, Tropivirus), each with one species (Hemipivirus A, Myrropivirus A, Pemapivirus A, Symapivirus A, Tropivirus A) 2019.009S. roland.zell@med.uni-jena.de. https://ictv.global/ICTV/proposals/2019.009S.zip. Accessed 17 May 2020
Zell R, Gorbalenya AE, Hovi T, Knowles NJ, Lindberg M, Oberste S, Palmenberg AC, Reuter G, Simmonds P, Skern T, Tapparel C, Wolthers K, Woo P (2019) Create one new genus (Ludopivirus) with one species (Ludopivirus A) 2019.010S. roland.zell@med.uni-jena.de. https://ictv.global/ICTV/proposals/2019.010S.zip. Accessed 17 May 2020
Zell R, Gorbalenya AE, Hovi T, Knowles NJ, Lindberg M, Oberste S, Palmenberg AC, Reuter G, Simmonds P, Skern T, Tapparel C, Wolthers K, Woo P (2019) Create one new species (Mosavirus B) in the genus Mosavirus 2019.011S. roland.zell@med.uni-jena.de. https://ictv.global/ICTV/proposals/2019.011S.zip. Accessed 17 May 2020
Zell R, Gorbalenya AE, Hovi T, Knowles NJ, Lindberg M, Oberste S, Palmenberg AC, Reuter G, Simmonds P, Skern T, Tapparel C, Wolthers K, Woo P (2019) Create one new genus (Mupivirus) with one species (Mupivirus A) 2019.012S. roland.zell@med.uni-jena.de. https://ictv.global/ICTV/proposals/2019.012S.zip. Accessed 17 May 2020
Zell R, Gorbalenya AE, Hovi T, Knowles NJ, Lindberg M, Oberste S, Palmenberg AC, Reuter G, Simmonds P, Skern T, Tapparel C, Wolthers K, Woo P (2019) Create one new genus (Parabovirus) with three species (Parabovirus A, Parabovirus B and Parabovirus C) 2019.013S. roland.zell@med.uni-jena.de. https://ictv.global/ICTV/proposals/2019.013S.zip. Accessed 17 May 2020
Zell R, Gorbalenya AE, Hovi T, Knowles NJ, Lindberg M, Oberste S, Palmenberg AC, Reuter G, Simmonds P, Skern T, Tapparel C, Wolthers K, Woo P (2019) Create two new species (Parechovirus E and Parechovirus F) in the genus Parechovirus 2019.014S. roland.zell@med.uni-jena.de. https://ictv.global/ICTV/proposals/2019.014S.zip. Accessed 17 May 2020
Zell R, Gorbalenya AE, Hovi T, Knowles NJ, Lindberg M, Oberste S, Palmenberg AC, Reuter G, Simmonds P, Skern T, Tapparel C, Wolthers K, Woo P (2019) Create one new species (Potamipivirus B) in the genus Potamipivirus 2019.015S. roland.zell@med.uni-jena.de. https://ictv.global/ICTV/proposals/2019.015S.zip. Accessed 17 May 2020
Zell R, Gorbalenya AE, Hovi T, Knowles NJ, Lindberg M, Oberste S, Palmenberg AC, Reuter G, Simmonds P, Skern T, Tapparel C, Wolthers K, Woo P (2019) Create one new species (Rafivirus C) in the genus Rafivirus 2019.016S. roland.zell@med.uni-jena.de. https://ictv.global/ICTV/proposals/2019.016S.zip. Accessed 17 May 2020
Zell R, Gorbalenya AE, Hovi T, Knowles NJ, Lindberg M, Oberste S, Palmenberg AC, Reuter G, Simmonds P, Skern T, Tapparel C, Wolthers K, Woo P (2019) Create one new genus (Rohelivirus) with one species (Rohelivirus A) 2019.017S. roland.zell@med.uni-jena.de. https://ictv.global/ICTV/proposals/2019.017S.zip. Accessed 17 May 2020
Zell R, Gorbalenya AE, Hovi T, Knowles NJ, Lindberg M, Oberste S, Palmenberg AC, Reuter G, Simmonds P, Skern T, Tapparel C, Wolthers K, Woo P (2019) Create one new species (Teschovirus B) in the genus Teschovirus 2019.018S. roland.zell@med.uni-jena.de. https://ictv.global/ICTV/proposals/2019.018S.zip. Accessed 17 May 2020
Zell R, Gorbalenya AE, Hovi T, Knowles NJ, Lindberg M, Oberste S, Palmenberg AC, Reuter G, Simmonds P, Skern T, Tapparel C, Wolthers K, Woo P (2019) Create one new species (Tremovirus B) in the genus Tremovirus 2019.019S. roland.zell@med.uni-jena.de. https://ictv.global/ICTV/proposals/2019.019S.zip. Accessed 17 May 2020
Brinton MA, Gulyaeva A, Balasuriya UBR, Dunowska M, Faaberg KS, Goldberg T, Leung FC-C, Nauwynck HJ, Snijder EJ, Stadejek T, Gorbalenya AE (2019) Create one new genus (Nuarterivirus); move the existing subgenus Pedartevirus to the genus Iotaarterivirus; rename one species from the subgenus Pedartevirus; create one new species in the new genus Nuarterivirus; create one new subgenus and two new species in the existing genus Betaarterivirus, family Arteriviridae 2019.020S. mbrinton@gsu.edu. https://ictv.global/ICTV/proposals/2019.020S-023S.zip. Accessed 17 May 2020
Ziebuhr J, Baker S, Baric RS, de Groot RJ, Drosten C, Gulyaeva AA, Haagmans BL, Neuman BW, Perlman S, Poon LLM, Sola I, Gorbalenya AE (2019) Create eight new species in the subfamily Orthocoronavirinae of the family Coronaviridae and four new species and a new genus in the subfamily Serpentovirinae of the family Tobaniviridae 2019.021S. john.ziebuhr@viro.med.uni-giessen.de. https://ictv.global/ICTV/proposals/2019.020S-023S.zip. Accessed 17 May 2020
Gorbalenya AE, Gulyaeva AA, Hobson-Peters J, Junglen S, Morita K, Sawabe K, Vasilakis N, Ziebuhr J (2019) Create one new species in the genus Alphamesonivirus of the family Mesoniviridae and one new species in the genus Okavirus, family Roniviridae 2019.022S. A.E.Gorbalenya@lumc.nl. https://ictv.global/ICTV/proposals/2019.020S-023S.zip. Accessed 17 May 2020
Gorbalenya AE, Brinton MA, de Groot RJ, Gulyaeva AA, Lauber C, Neuman BW, Ziebuhr J (2019) Create five new families and a new suborder of vertebrate viruses in the order Nidovirales 2019.023S. http://A.E.Gorbalenya@lumc.nl. https://ictv.global/ICTV/proposals/2019.020S-023S.zip. Accessed 17 May 2020
Kropinski AM, Adriaenssens EM (2019) Create in the family Siphoviridae one new genus (Montyvirus) containing four new species and one existing species moved from the genus Woesvirus 2019.001B. Phage.Canada@gmail.com. https://ictv.global/ICTV/proposals/2019.001B.zip. Accessed 17 May 2020
Kropinski AM, Adriaenssens EM (2019) Create in the family Siphoviridae one new genus (Kilunavirus) with one existing species moved from the genus Septimatrevirus 2019.002B. Phage.Canada@gmail.com. https://ictv.global/ICTV/proposals/2019.002B.zip. Accessed 17 May 2020
Kropinski AM, Adriaenssens EM (2019) Create one new genus (Apricotvirus) including one new species in the family Siphoviridae 2019.003B. Phage.Canada@gmail.com. https://ictv.global/ICTV/proposals/2019.003B.zip. Accessed 17 May 2020
Nilsson E, Adriaenssens EM, Kropinski AM, Holmfeldt K (2019) Create one new genus (Barbavirus) including five new species in the family Myoviridae 2019.004B. karin.holmfeldt@lnu.se. https://ictv.global/ICTV/proposals/2019.004B.zip. Accessed 17 May 2020
Kropinski AM, Adriaenssens EM (2019) Create one new genus (Bridgettevirus) including five new species in the family Siphoviridae 2019.005B. Phage.Canada@gmail.com. https://ictv.global/ICTV/proposals/2019.005B.zip. Accessed 17 May 2020
Kropinski AM, Adriaenssens EM (2019) Create one new genus (Daredevilvirus) including one new species in the family Siphoviridae 2019.006B. Phage.Canada@gmail.com. https://ictv.global/ICTV/proposals/2019.006B.zip. Accessed 17 May 2020
Kropinski AM, Adriaenssens EM (2019) Create one new genus (Coralvirus) including two new species in the family Siphoviridae 2019.007B. Phage.Canada@gmail.com. https://ictv.global/ICTV/proposals/2019.007B.zip. Accessed 17 May 2020
Kropinski AM, Adriaenssens EM (2019) Create one new genus (Fairfaxidumvirus) including one new species in the family Siphoviridae 2019.008B. Phage.Canada@gmail.com. https://ictv.global/ICTV/proposals/2019.008B.zip. Accessed 17 May 2020
Kropinski AM, Adriaenssens EM (2019) Create one new genus (Godonkavirus) including one new species in the family Siphoviridae 2019.009B. Phage.Canada@gmail.com. https://ictv.global/ICTV/proposals/2019.009B.zip. Accessed 17 May 2020
Kropinski AM, Adriaenssens EM (2019) Create one new genus (Gillianvirus) including one new species in the family Siphoviridae 2019.010B. Phage.Canada@gmail.com. https://ictv.global/ICTV/proposals/2019.010B.zip. Accessed 17 May 2020
Kropinski AM, Adriaenssens EM (2019) Create one new genus (Goodmanvirus) including one new species in the family Siphoviridae 2019.011B. Phage.Canada@gmail.com. https://ictv.global/ICTV/proposals/2019.011B.zip. Accessed 17 May 2020
Kropinski AM, Adriaenssens EM, Rohde M, Korf I, Wittmann J (2019) Create one new genus (Goslarvirus) including one new species in the family Myoviridae 2019.012B. jow12@dsmz.de. https://ictv.global/ICTV/proposals/2019.012B.zip. Accessed 17 May 2020
Kropinski AM, Adriaenssens EM (2019) Create one new genus (Harbinvirus) including five new species in the subfamily Twortvirinae, family Herelleviridae 2019.013B. Phage.Canada@gmail.com. https://ictv.global/ICTV/proposals/2019.013B.zip. Accessed 17 May 2020
Kropinski AM, Adriaenssens EM (2019) Create one new genus (Jacevirus) including one new species in the family Siphoviridae 2019.014B. Phage.Canada@gmail.com. https://ictv.global/ICTV/proposals/2019.014B.zip. Accessed 17 May 2020
Kropinski AM, Adriaenssens EM (2019) Create one new genus (Juiceboxvirus) including one new species in the family Siphoviridae 2019.015B. Phage.Canada@gmail.com. https://ictv.global/ICTV/proposals/2019.015B.zip. Accessed 17 May 2020
Kropinski AM, Adriaenssens EM (2019) Create one new genus (Krampusvirus) including one new species in the family Siphoviridae 2019.016B. Phage.Canada@gmail.com. https://ictv.global/ICTV/proposals/2019.016B.zip. Accessed 17 May 2020
Kropinski AM, Adriaenssens EM (2019) Create one new genus (Luckybarnesvirus) including one new species in the family Siphoviridae 2019.017B. Phage.Canada@gmail.com. https://ictv.global/ICTV/proposals/2019.017B.zip. Accessed 17 May 2020
Kropinski AM, Adriaenssens EM (2019) Create one new genus (Luckytenvirus) including one new species in the family Siphoviridae 2019.018B. Phage.Canada@gmail.com. https://ictv.global/ICTV/proposals/2019.018B.zip. Accessed 17 May 2020
Kropinski AM, Adriaenssens EM (2019) Create one new genus (Mementomorivirus) including one new species in the family Siphoviridae 2019.019B. Phage.Canada@gmail.com. https://ictv.global/ICTV/proposals/2019.019B.zip. Accessed 17 May 2020
Kropinski AM, Adriaenssens EM (2019) Create one new genus (Oneupvirus) including one new species and one species moved from the genus Smoothievirus, in the family Siphoviridae 2019.020B. Phage.Canada@gmail.com. https://ictv.global/ICTV/proposals/2019.020B.zip. Accessed 17 May 2020
Kropinski AM, Adriaenssens EM (2019) Create one new genus (Picardvirus) including one new species in the family Siphoviridae 2019.021B. Phage.Canada@gmail.com. https://ictv.global/ICTV/proposals/2019.021B.zip. Accessed 17 May 2020
Kropinski AM, Adriaenssens EM (2019) Create one new genus (Qingdaovirus) including one new species in the family Myoviridae 2019.022B. Phage.Canada@gmail.com. https://ictv.global/ICTV/proposals/2019.022B.zip. Accessed 17 May 2020
Kropinski AM, Adriaenssens EM (2019) Create one new genus (Quhwahvirus) including three new species in the family Siphoviridae 2019.023B. Phage.Canada@gmail.com. https://ictv.global/ICTV/proposals/2019.023B.zip. Accessed 17 May 2020
Kropinski AM, Adriaenssens EM (2019) Create one new genus (Rogerhendrixvirus) including one new species in the family Siphoviridae 2019.024B. Phage.Canada@gmail.com. https://ictv.global/ICTV/proposals/2019.024B.zip. Accessed 17 May 2020
Kropinski AM, Adriaenssens EM (2019) Create one new genus (Ronaldovirus) including two new species in the family Siphoviridae 2019.025B. Phage.Canada@gmail.com. https://ictv.global/ICTV/proposals/2019.025B.zip. Accessed 17 May 2020
Kropinski AM, Adriaenssens EM (2019) Create one new genus (Ruthyvirus) including one new species in the family Siphoviridae 2019.026B. Phage.Canada@gmail.com. https://ictv.global/ICTV/proposals/2019.026B.zip. Accessed 17 May 2020
Kropinski AM, Adriaenssens EM (2019) Create one new genus (Samwavirus) including one new species in the family Siphoviridae 2019.027B. Phage.Canada@gmail.com. https://ictv.global/ICTV/proposals/2019.027B.zip. Accessed 17 May 2020
Kropinski AM, Adriaenssens EM (2019) Create one new genus (Sansavirus) including one new species in the family Siphoviridae 2019.028B. Phage.Canada@gmail.com, https://ictv.global/ICTV/proposals/2019.028B.zip. Accessed on 17 May 2020
Kropinski AM, Adriaenssens EM (2019) Create one new genus (Schiekvirus) in the subfamily Brockvirinae, family Herelleviridae 2019.029B. Phage.Canada@gmail.com. https://ictv.global/ICTV/proposals/2019.029B.zip. Accessed 17 May 2020
Kropinski AM, Adriaenssens EM (2019) Create one new genus (Schubertvirus) including one new species in the family Siphoviridae 2019.030B. Phage.Canada@gmail.com. https://ictv.global/ICTV/proposals/2019.030B.zip. Accessed 17 May 2020
Kropinski AM, Adriaenssens EM, Wittmann J (2019) Create one new genus (Shizishanvirus) including one new species in the family Podoviridae 2019.032B. jow12@dsmz.de. https://ictv.global/ICTV/proposals/2019.032B.zip. Accessed 17 May 2020
Kropinski AM, Adriaenssens EM (2019) Create one new genus (Sonalivirus) including one new species in the family Siphoviridae 2019.033B. Phage.Canada@gmail.com. https://ictv.global/ICTV/proposals/2019.033B.zip. Accessed 17 May 2020
Kropinski AM, Adriaenssens EM (2019) Create one new genus (Squashvirus) including two new species in the family Siphoviridae 2019.034B. Phage.Canada@gmail.com. https://ictv.global/ICTV/proposals/2019.034B.zip. Accessed on 17 May 2020
Kropinski AM, Adriaenssens EM (2019) Create one new genus (Terapinvirus) including two new species in the family Siphoviridae 2019.035B. Phage.Canada@gmail.com, https://ictv.global/ICTV/proposals/2019.035B.zip. Accessed 17 May 2020
Kropinski AM, Adriaenssens EM (2019) Create one new genus (Trinevirus) including one new species in the family Siphoviridae 2019.036B. Phage.Canada@gmail.com. https://ictv.global/ICTV/proposals/2019.036B.zip. Accessed 17 May 2020
Kropinski AM, Adriaenssens EM, Rohde M, Korf I, Wittmann J (2019) Create one new genus (Xuquatrovirus) including one new species in the family Podoviridae 2019.037B. jow12@dsmz.de, https://ictv.global/ICTV/proposals/2019.037B.zip. Accessed on 17 May 2020
Kropinski AM, Adriaenssens EM (2019) Create one new genus (Abbeymikolonvirus) including one new species in the family Siphoviridae 2019.038B. Phage.Canada@gmail.com. https://ictv.global/ICTV/proposals/2019.038B.zip. Accessed 17 May 2020
Kropinski AM, Adriaenssens EM (2019) Create one new subfamily (Agapirovirinae), move the genus Phicbkvirus, and create three new genera including five new species, in the family Siphoviridae 2019.039B. Phage.Canada@gmail.com. https://ictv.global/ICTV/proposals/2019.039B.zip. Accessed 17 May 2020
Kropinski AM, Adriaenssens EM (2019) Create one new genus (Armstrongvirus) including one new species in the family Siphoviridae 2019.040B. Phage.Canada@gmail.com. https://ictv.global/ICTV/proposals/2019.040B.zip. Accessed 17 May 2020
Kropinski AM, Adriaenssens EM (2019) Create one new genus (Attoomivirus) including one new species in the family Siphoviridae 2019.041B. Phage.Canada@gmail.com. https://ictv.global/ICTV/proposals/2019.041B.zip. Accessed 17 May 2020
Kropinski AM, Adriaenssens EM (2019) Create one new genus (Austintatiousvirus) including three new species in the family Siphoviridae 2019.042B. Phage.Canada@gmail.com. https://ictv.global/ICTV/proposals/2019.042B.zip. Accessed 17 May 2020
Łobocka M, Kropinski AM, Adriaenssens EM (2019) Create one new genus (Baoshanvirus) including two new species in the subfamily Twortvirinae, family Herelleviridae 2019.043B. Phage.Canada@gmail.com. https://ictv.global/ICTV/proposals/2019.043B.zip. Accessed 17 May 2020
Kropinski AM, Adriaenssens EM (2019) Create one new genus (Andrewvirus) including one new species in the family Siphoviridae 2019.045B. Phage.Canada@gmail.com. https://ictv.global/ICTV/proposals/2019.045B.zip. Accessed 17 May 2020
Kropinski AM, Adriaenssens EM (2019) Create one new genus (Appavirus) including one new species in the family Siphoviridae 2019.046B. Phage.Canada@gmail.com. https://ictv.global/ICTV/proposals/2019.046B.zip. Accessed 17 May 2020
Kropinski AM, Anany, H, Adriaenssens EM (2019) Create one new family (Chaseviridae) including six new genera in the order Caudovirales 2019.047B. Phage.Canada@gmail.com. https://ictv.global/ICTV/proposals/2019.047B.zip. Accessed 17 May 2020
Kropinski AM, Adriaenssens EM, Tolstoy I (2019) Abolish one genus (Chungbukvirus) including one species in the family Siphoviridae 2019.048B. Phage.Canada@gmail.com. https://ictv.global/ICTV/proposals/2019.048B.zip. Accessed 17 May 2020
Kropinski AM, Adriaenssens EM (2019) Create 12 new genera including 16 new species in the family Myoviridae 2019.049B. Phage.Canada@gmail.com. https://ictv.global/ICTV/proposals/2019.049B.zip. Accessed 17 May 2020
Kropinski AM, Adriaenssens EM (2019) Create 16 new genera including 24 new species in the family Myoviridae 2019.050B. Phage.Canada@gmail.com. https://ictv.global/ICTV/proposals/2019.050B.zip. Accessed 17 May 2020
Kropinski AM, Adriaenssens EM, Poranen M (2019) Create one new subfamily (Tybeckvirinae) including four new genera in the family Siphoviridae 2019.051B. Phage.Canada@gmail.com. https://ictv.global/ICTV/proposals/2019.051B.zip. Accessed 17 May 2020
Kropinski AM, Adriaenssens EM (2019) Create one new genus (Derbicusvirus) including one new species in the family Myoviridae 2019.052B. Phage.Canada@gmail.com. https://ictv.global/ICTV/proposals/2019.052B.zip. Accessed 17 May 2020
Kropinski AM, Adriaenssens EM (2019) Create one new genus (Edenvirus) including one new species in the family Siphoviridae 2019.053B. Phage.Canada@gmail.com. https://ictv.global/ICTV/proposals/2019.053B.zip. Accessed 17 May 2020
Kropinski AM, Adriaenssens EM, Tolstoy I (2019) Move four genera, rename two species and one genus, and delete one genus in the order Caudovirales 2019.054B. Phage.Canada@gmail.com, https://ictv.global/ICTV/proposals/2019.054B.zip. Accessed on 17 May 2020
Zlatohurska MA, Gorb TY, Romaniuk LV, Korol NA, Faidiuk YV, Kropinski AM, Kushkina AI, Tovkach FI (2019) Create one new genus (Feofaniavirus) including two new species in the family Siphoviridae 2019.055B. zlatohurska@gmail.com. https://ictv.global/ICTV/proposals/2019.055B.zip. Accessed 17 May 2020
Zeman M, Bárdy P, Vrbovská V, Pantůček R, Adriaenssens EM, Kropinski AM, Łobocka M (2019) Create one new genus (Fibralongavirus) including two new species in the family Siphoviridae 2019.056B. michal.zeman91@gmail.com. https://ictv.global/ICTV/proposals/2019.056B.zip. Accessed 17 May 2020
Laanto E, Mäntynen S, Sundberg LR, Kropinski AM, Adriaenssens EM, Poranen MM, Oksanen HM (2019) Create one new family (Finnlakeviridae) including one new genus (Finnlakevirus) and one new species in the order Caudovirales 2019.057B. hanna.oksanen@helsinki.fi. https://ictv.global/ICTV/proposals/2019.057B.zip. Accessed 17 May 2020
Kropinski AM, Adriaenssens EM (2019) Create one new genus (Franklinbayvirus) including one new species in the family Siphoviridae 2019.058B. Phage.Canada@gmail.com. https://ictv.global/ICTV/proposals/2019.058B.zip. Accessed 17 May 2020
Krupovic M, Oksanen HM, Prangishvili D, Dyall-Smith ML (2019) Create one new family (Halspiviridae), move one unassigned genus (Salterprovirus) to the family and rename the type species 2019.059B. mart.krupovic@pasteur.fr. https://ictv.global/ICTV/proposals/2019.059B.zip. Accessed 17 May 2020
Kropinski AM, Adriaenssens EM (2019) Create one new genus (Hiyaavirus) including one new species in the family Siphoviridae 2019.060B. Phage.Canada@gmail.com. https://ictv.global/ICTV/proposals/2019.060B.zip. Accessed 17 May 2020
Knezevic P, Kropinski AM, Adriaenssens EM, Lavigne R (2019) Create one new order (Tubulavirales) including one new family (Plectroviridae), 19 new genera and one new species 2019.061B. pknezevic20@gmail.com. https://ictv.global/ICTV/proposals/2019.061B.zip. Accessed 17 May 2020
Kropinski AM, Adriaenssens EM (2019) Create one new genus (Lanavirus) including one new species in the family Siphoviridae 2019.062B. Phage.Canada@gmail.com. https://ictv.global/ICTV/proposals/2019.062B.zip. Accessed 17 May 2020
Kropinski AM, Adriaenssens EM (2019) Create one new subfamily (Langleyhallvirinae) including three new genera in the family Siphoviridae 2019.063B. Phage.Canada@gmail.com. https://ictv.global/ICTV/proposals/2019.063B.zip. Accessed 17 May 2020
Kropinski AM, Adriaenssens EM (2019) Create one new genus (Lentavirus) including one new species in the family Siphoviridae 2019.064B. Phage.Canada@gmail.com. https://ictv.global/ICTV/proposals/2019.064B.zip. Accessed 17 May 2020
Kropinski AM, Adriaenssens EM (2019) Create one new genus (Majavirus) including one new species in the family Siphoviridae 2019.065B. Phage.Canada@gmail.com. https://ictv.global/ICTV/proposals/2019.065B.zip. Accessed 17 May 2020
Kropinski AM, Adriaenssens EM (2019) Create one new genus (Maxrubnervirus) including one new species in the family Siphoviridae 2019.066B. Phage.Canada@gmail.com. https://ictv.global/ICTV/proposals/2019.066B.zip. Accessed 17 May 2020
Kropinski AM, Adriaenssens EM (2019) Create one new genus (Metamorphoovirus) including three new species in the family Siphoviridae 2019.067B. Phage.Canada@gmail.com. https://ictv.global/ICTV/proposals/2019.067B.zip. Accessed 17 May 2020
Kropinski AM, Adriaenssens EM, Wittmann J (2019) Create one new genus (Mukerjeevirus) including four new species in the family Podoviridae 2019.068B. jow12@dsmz.de. https://ictv.global/ICTV/proposals/2019.068B.zip. Accessed 17 May 2020
Kropinski AM, Adriaenssens EM (2019) Create one new genus (Murrayvirus) including of two new species in the family Siphoviridae 2019.069B. Phage.Canada@gmail.com. https://ictv.global/ICTV/proposals/2019.069B.zip. Accessed 17 May 2020
Kropinski AM, Adriaenssens EM (2019) Create ten new genera including 13 new species in the family Myoviridae 2019.070B. Phage.Canada@gmail.com. https://ictv.global/ICTV/proposals/2019.070B.zip. Accessed 17 May 2020
Kropinski AM, Adriaenssens EM (2019) Create one new genus (Neferthenavirus) including one new species in the family Siphoviridae 2019.071B. Phage.Canada@gmail.com. https://ictv.global/ICTV/proposals/2019.071B.zip. Accessed 17 May 2020
Kropinski AM, Adriaenssens EM, Turner D (2019) Create one new genus (Saclayvirus) including three new species in the family Myoviridae 2019.072B. Dann2.Turner@uwe.ac.uk. https://ictv.global/ICTV/proposals/2019.072B.zip. Accessed 17 May 2020
van Zyl LJ, Lueder MR, Bishop-Lilly KA, Adriaenssens EM, Kropinski AM (2019) Create 24 new genera including 26 new species and move 12 species to the new genera in the subfamily Peduovirinae, family Myoviridae 2019.073B. matthew.r.lueder.ctr@mail.mil. https://ictv.global/ICTV/proposals/2019.073B.zip. Accessed 17 May 2020
Kropinski AM, Adriaenssens EM (2019) Create one new genus (Petsuvirus) including one new species in the family Myoviridae 2019.074B. Phage.Canada@gmail.com. https://ictv.global/ICTV/proposals/2019.074B.zip. Accessed 17 May 2020
Kropinski AM, Adriaenssens EM, Rohde M, Korf I, Wittmann J (2019) Create one new genus (Phapecoctavirus) including five new species in the family Myoviridae 2019.075B. jow12@dsmz.de. https://ictv.global/ICTV/proposals/2019.075B.zip. Accessed 17 May 2020
Kropinski AM, Adriaenssens EM (2019) Create four new genera including six new species in the family Podoviridae 2019.076B. Phage.Canada@gmail.com. https://ictv.global/ICTV/proposals/2019.076B.zip. Accessed 17 May 2020
Krupovic M, Tolstoy I, Adriaenssens EM, Kropinski AM (2019) Abolish one species and create a new type species in the genus Psimunavirus in the family Siphoviridae 2019.077B. mart.krupovic@pasteur.fr. https://ictv.global/ICTV/proposals/2019.077B.zip. Accessed 17 May 2020
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Kropinski AM, Adriaenssens EM (2019) Create one new genus (Schmittlotzvirus) including one new species in the family Myoviridae 2019.086B. Phage.Canada@gmail.com. https://ictv.global/ICTV/proposals/2019.086B.zip. Accessed 17 May 2020
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Kropinski AM, Adriaenssens EM (2019) Create one new genus (Wellingtonvirus) including one new species in the family Myoviridae 2019.095B. Phage.Canada@gmail.com. https://ictv.global/ICTV/proposals/2019.095B.zip. Accessed 17 May 2020
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The authors declare no conflicts of interest. A.R.M. is a Program Director at the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF); the statements and opinions expressed herein are made in a personal capacity and do not constitute endorsement by NSF or the government of the United States. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. USDA is an Equal Opportunity Provider and Employer. The content of this publication does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the US Department of Health and Human Services or of the institutions and companies affiliated with the authors. This work was supported in part through Laulima Government Solutions, LLC’s prime contract with the US National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) under Contract No. HHSN272201800013C. J.H.K. performed this work as an employee of Tunnell Government Services (TGS), a subcontractor of Laulima Government Solutions, LLC under Contract No. HHSN272201800013C. N.J.K. is partially supported by core funding provided by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council, UK. B.E.D. is supported by Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) Vidi grant 864.14.004 and European Research Council (ERC) Consolidator grant 865694: DiversiPHI. B.H. is partially supported by National Research, Development and Innovation Office – NKFIH, NN128309. S.S. acknowledges partial support from Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station (MAFES), Mississippi State University and the National Institute of Food and Agriculture, US Department of Agriculture, Hatch Project 1021494. E.M.A. was funded by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC); this research was funded by the BBSRC Institute Strategic Programme Gut Microbes and Health BB/R012490/1 and its constituent projects BBS/E/F/000PR10353 and BBS/E/F/000PR10356. S.J. is supported by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) under project number 01KI1716 as part of the Research Network Zoonotic Infectious Diseases. FMZ is partially supported by CAPES (Finance Code 001). None of the work reported involved research on human participants or animals. All authors have contributed to this work and agreed to its publication. Except for Donald M. Dempsey, R. Curtis Hendrickson, Richard J. Orton and Donald B. Smith, the authors were members of the ICTV Executive Committee during the relevant period.
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Walker, P.J., Siddell, S.G., Lefkowitz, E.J. et al. Changes to virus taxonomy and the Statutes ratified by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (2020). Arch Virol 165, 2737–2748 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-020-04752-x
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-020-04752-x