Summary.
Mentha × gracilis ‘Variegata’, an ornamental mint clone first described about 200 years ago, exhibits virus-like vein banding symptoms. Double-stranded RNA and virion isolations revealed the presence of three viruses in a ‘Variegata’ plant. Cloning and sequencing disclosed that one of the viruses was a previously unidentified species with similarities to members of the Flexiviridae family, designated as Mint virus X (MVX). The complete nucleotide sequence of the virus was determined. Phylogenetic analysis divulged the close relationship of the virus with lily virus X and strawberry mild yellow edge virus, members of the Potexvirus genus. A reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction protocol was developed and used for detection of MVX in other ‘Variegata’ plants. All clones tested, obtained from nurseries around the United States were infected with MVX, making the virus a possible causal agent of the variegated symptoms.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
MJ Adams JF Antoniw M Bar-Joseph AA Brunt T Candresse GD Foster GP Martelli RG Milne SK Zavriev CM Fauquet (2004) ArticleTitleThe new plant virus family Flexiviridae and assessment of molecular criteria for species demarcation. Arch Virol 149 1045–1060 Occurrence Handle15098118 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXjt1Sgtr4%3D
SF Altschul TL Madden AA Schäffer J Zhang Z Zhang W Miller DJ Lipman (1997) ArticleTitleGapped BLAST and PSI-BLAST: a new generation of protein database search programs. Nucleic Acids Res 25 3389–3402 Occurrence Handle9254694 Occurrence Handle10.1093/nar/25.17.3389 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2sXlvFyhu7w%3D
BC Aridogan H Baydar S Kaya M Demirci D Ozbasar E Mumcu (2002) ArticleTitleAntimicrobial activity and chemical composition of some essential oils. Arch Pharm Res 25 860–864 Occurrence Handle12510839 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXht1amtQ%3D%3D
DL Beck PJ Guilford DM Voot MT Andersen RL Forster (1991) ArticleTitleTriple gene block proteins of white clover mosaic potexvirus are required for transport. Virology 183 695–702 Occurrence Handle1853569 Occurrence Handle10.1016/0042-6822(91)90998-Q Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK3MXltVOgsr0%3D
JJ Campanella L Bitincka J Smalley (2003) ArticleTitleMatGAT: an application that generates similarity/identity matrices using protein or DNA sequences. BMC Bioinformatics 4 29 Occurrence Handle12854978 Occurrence Handle10.1186/1471-2105-4-29
T Candresse MD Morch J Dunez (1990) ArticleTitleMultiple alignment and hierarchical clustering of conserved amino acid sequences in the replication associated proteins of plant RNA viruses. Res Virol 141 315–329 Occurrence Handle2392616 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK3MXjt1Cr
JC Carrington KD Kasschau SK Mahajan MC Schaad (1996) ArticleTitleCell-to-cell and long-distance transport of viruses in plants. Plant Cell 8 1669–1681 Occurrence Handle12239357 Occurrence Handle10.1105/tpc.8.10.1669 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK28Xmsl2mt70%3D
J Chen Y-H Shi MJ Adams J-P Chen (2005) ArticleTitleThe complete sequence of the genomic RNA of an isolate of lily virus X (genus Potexvirus). Arch Virol 150 825–832 Occurrence Handle15578239 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXisV2hsLs%3D
GF Davenport DC Baulcombe (1997) ArticleTitleMutation of the GKS motif of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase from potato virus X disables or eliminates virus replication. J Gen Virol 78 1247–1251 Occurrence Handle9191915 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2sXjslalu7k%3D
VV Dolja VP Boyko AA Agranovsky EV Koonin (1991) ArticleTitlePhylogeny of capsid proteins of rod-shaped and filamentous RNA plant viruses: two families with distinct patterns of sequence and probably structure conservation. Virology 184 79–86 Occurrence Handle1871982 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DyaK3MzjsFOqsw%3D%3D
HJ Dorman M Kosar K Kahlos Y Holm R Hiltunen (2003) ArticleTitleAntioxidant properties and composition of aqueous extracts from mentha species, hybrids, varieties, and cultivars. J Agric Food Chem 51 4563–4569 Occurrence Handle14705878 Occurrence Handle10.1021/jf034108k Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXkvVOms7k%3D
O Fedorkin A Solovyev N Yelina A Zamyatnin SuffixJr R Zinovkin K Makinen J Schiemann S Yu Morozov (2001) ArticleTitleCell-to-cell movement of potato virus X involves distinct functions of the coat protein. J Gen Virol 82 449–458 Occurrence Handle11161285 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXhtFCgs70%3D
RL Forster MW Bevan SA Harbison RC Gardner (1988) ArticleTitleThe complete nucleotide sequence of the potexvirus white clover mosaic virus. Nucleic Acids Res 16 291–303 Occurrence Handle3340527 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaL1cXktVWmsb8%3D
AE Gorbalenya EV Koonin (1989) ArticleTitleViral proteins containing the purine NTP-binding sequence pattern. Nucleic Acids Res 17 8413–8440 Occurrence Handle2555771 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK3cXjtlSrsw%3D%3D
X Huang A Madan (1999) ArticleTitleCAP3: a DNA sequence assembly program. Genome Res 9 868–877 Occurrence Handle10508846 Occurrence Handle10.1101/gr.9.9.868 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXmslKgs7Y%3D
YL Huang YT Han YT Chang YH Hsu M Meng (2004) ArticleTitleCritical residues for GTP methylation and formation of the covalent m7GMP-enzyme intermediate in the capping enzyme domain of bamboo mosaic virus. J Virol 78 1271–1280 Occurrence Handle14722282 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXmsFSruw%3D%3D
W Jelkmann E Maiss RR Martin (1992) ArticleTitleThe nucleotide sequence and genome organization of strawberry mild yellow edge-associated potexvirus. J Gen Virol 73 475–479 Occurrence Handle1339469 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK3sXhslaksg%3D%3D
A Krogh B Larsson B von Heijne ELL Sonnhammer (2001) ArticleTitlePredicting transmembrane protein topology with a hidden Markov model, Application to complete genomes. J Mol Biol 305 567–580 Occurrence Handle11152613 Occurrence Handle10.1006/jmbi.2000.4315 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXisFCguw%3D%3D
EV Koonin (1991) ArticleTitleThe phylogeny of RNA-dependent RNA polymerases of positive-strand RNA viruses. J Gen Virol 72 2197–2206 Occurrence Handle1895057
M Kozak (1986) ArticleTitlePoint mutations define a sequence flanking the AUG initiator codon that modulates translation by eukaryotic ribosomes. Cell 44 283–292 Occurrence Handle3943125 Occurrence Handle10.1016/0092-8674(86)90762-2 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaL28XitF2qtL0%3D
YI Li TW Shih YH Hsu YT Han YL Huang M Meng (2001) ArticleTitleThe helicase-like domain of plant potexvirus replicase participates in formation of RNA 5′ cap structure by exhibiting RNA 5′-triphosphatase activity. J Virol 75 2114–2120
NS Lin BY Lin NW Lo CC Hu TY Chow YH Hsu (1994) ArticleTitleNucleotide sequence of the genomic RNA of bamboo mosaic potexvirus. J Gen Virol 75 2513–2518 Occurrence Handle8077956 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2MXnslertw%3D%3D
TJ Lough K Shash B Xoconostle-Cazares KR Hofstra DL Beck E Balmori RLS Forster WJ Lucas (1998) ArticleTitleMolecular dissection of the mechanism by which potexvirus triple gene block proteins mediate cell-to-cell transport of infectious RNA. Mol Plant-Microbe Inter 11 801–814 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXkslWht7g%3D
TJ Lough NE Netzler SJ Emerson P Sutherland F Carr DL Beck WJ Lucas RL Forster (2000) ArticleTitleCell-to-cell movement of potexviruses: evidence for a ribonucleoprotein complex involving the coat protein and first triple gene block protein. Mol Plant Microbe Interact 13 962–974 Occurrence Handle10975653 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXmtVWgu78%3D
RR Martin PR Bristow (1988) ArticleTitleA carlavirus associated with blueberry scorch disease. Phytopathology 78 1636–1640
N Mimica-Dukic B Bozin M Sokovic B Mihajlovic M Matavulj (2003) ArticleTitleAntimicrobial and antioxidant activities of three Mentha species essential oils. Planta Med 69 413–419 Occurrence Handle12802721 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXltFakur0%3D
SYu Morozov AG Solovyev (2003) ArticleTitleTriple gene block: modular design of a multifunctional machine for plant virus movement. J Gen Virol 84 1351–1366 Occurrence Handle12771402 Occurrence Handle10.1099/vir.0.18922-0 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXks1Gmtrs%3D
RDM Page (1996) ArticleTitleTREEVIEW, An application to display phylogenetic trees on personal computers. Comp Appl Biosci 12 357–358 Occurrence Handle8902363 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DyaK2s%2FlvVSgtg%3D%3D
N Pillai-Nair KH Kim C Hemenway (2003) ArticleTitleCis-acting regulatory elements in the potato virus X 3′ non-translated region differentially affect minus-strand and plus-strand RNA accumulation. J Mol Biol 326 701–720 Occurrence Handle12581634 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0022-2836(02)01369-4 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXhtVCisr8%3D
JD Postman IE Tzanetakis RR Martin (2004) ArticleTitleFirst report of strawberry latent ringspot virus in a Mentha sp. from North America. Plant Dis 88 907
MN Rozanov EV Koonin AE Gorbalenya (1992) ArticleTitleConservation of the putative methyltransferase domain: a hallmark of the ‘Sindbis-like’ supergroup of positive-strand RNA viruses. J Gen Virol 73 2129–2134 Occurrence Handle1645151 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK38XlsVKrtbw%3D Occurrence Handle10.1099/0022-1317-73-8-2129
DM Sether JD De Angelis PA Rossignol (1991) ArticleTitleFirst report of tomato spotted wilt virus in peppermint (M. piperita). Plant Dis 75 644 Occurrence Handle10.1094/PD-75-0644C
WJ Stone GI Mink GB Bergeson (1962) ArticleTitleA new disease of American spearmint caused by tobacco ringspot virus. Pl Dis Rep 46 623–624
CC Tassou EH Drosinos GJE Nychas (1995) ArticleTitleEffects of essential oil from mint (Mentha piperita) on Salmonella enteritidis and Listeria monocytogenes in model food systems at 4 ° and 10 °C. J Appl Bacteriol 78 593–600 Occurrence Handle7615414 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2MXmslCnsr0%3D
JD Thompson DG Higgins TJ Gibson (1994) ArticleTitleCLUSTALW, improving the sensitivity of progressive multiple sequence alignment through sequence weighting, position-specific gap penalties and weight matrix choice. Nucleic Acids Res 22 4673–4680 Occurrence Handle7984417 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2MXitlSgu74%3D
JR Thompson W Jelkmann (2004) ArticleTitleStrain diversity and conserved genome elements in Strawberry mild yellow edge virus. Arch Virol 149 1897–1909 Occurrence Handle15669103 Occurrence Handle10.1007/s00705-004-0362-3 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXoslGitrg%3D
AO Tucker DE Fairbrothers (1972) ArticleTitleMentha × gentilis L ‘Variegata’: nomenclature and viral origin. Taxon 21 209–210
IE Tzanetakis KE Keller RR Martin (2005) ArticleTitleThe use of reverse transcriptase for efficient first and second strand cDNA synthesis from dsRNA templates. J Virol Meth 124 73–77 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXksl2itQ%3D%3D
Tzanetakis IE, Martin RR (2005) New features in the genus Ilarvirus revealed by the nucleotide sequence of fragaria chiloensis latent virus. Virus Res, doi:10.1016/j.virusres.2005.02.010
IE Tzanetakis JD Postman RR Martin (2005) ArticleTitleA member of the Closteroviridae from mint with similarities to all three genera of the family. Plant Dis 89 654–658
A Varshavsky (1996) ArticleTitleThe N-end rule: functions, mysteries, uses. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 93 12142–12149 Occurrence Handle8901547 Occurrence Handle10.1073/pnas.93.22.12142 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK28Xms1Gjsrg%3D
V Vicchi MG Bellardi (1988) ArticleTitleThe roles of weeds in the epidemiology of gladiolus viruses and MLO. Acta Hort 234 371–378
O Voinnet C Lederer DC Baulcombe (2000) ArticleTitleA viral movement protein prevents spread of the gene silencing signal in Nicotiana benthamiana. Cell 103 157–167 Occurrence Handle11051555 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0092-8674(00)00095-7 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXnt1yqur8%3D
KA White JB Bancroft GA Mackie (1992) ArticleTitleMutagenesis of a hexanucleotide sequence conserved in potexvirus RNAs. Virology 189 817–820 Occurrence Handle1641994 Occurrence Handle10.1016/0042-6822(92)90614-U Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK38XmtVKhsL8%3D
SM Wong PH Mahtani KC Lee HH Yu Y Tan KK Neo Y Chan M Wu CG Chng (1997) ArticleTitleCymbidium mosaic potexvirus RNA: complete nucleotide sequence and phylogenetic analysis. Arch Virol 142 383–391 Occurrence Handle9125051 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2sXisVWrtrk%3D
M Zuker (2003) ArticleTitleMfold web server for nucleic acid folding and hybridization prediction. Nucleic Acids Res 31 3406–3415 Occurrence Handle12824337 Occurrence Handle10.1093/nar/gkg595 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXltVWisr8%3D
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Tzanetakis, I., Postman, J. & Martin, R. Mint virus X: a novel potexvirus associated with symptoms in ‘Variegata’ mint. Arch Virol 151, 143–153 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-005-0586-x
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-005-0586-x