Zusammenfassung
HINTERGRUND: In zahlreichen Studien wurden die verschiedensten vorteilhaften Effekte von mehrfach ungesättigten Omega 3 Fettsäuren auf Atherosklerose, Arrhythmie und Hypertriglyzeridämie nachgewiesen, was zahlreiche Gesundheitsorganisationen dazu veranlasst hat, einen täglichen Verzehr von einem Gramm Omega 3 Fettsäuren täglich für antiatherosklerotische sowie antiarrhytmische Wirkungen oder zwei bis vier g/d Omega 3 Fettsäuren zur Senkung der Plasmatriglyzeride zu empfehlen. Es sind zahlreiche Präparate auf dem Markt erschienen, welche die ω-3 PUFA-arme westliche Ernährung in Form von Kapseln ergänzen. Da diese Präparate beträchtlichen Variationen des Gehalts an langkettigen ω-3 PUFAs unterworfen sein können, haben wir neun kommerziell erhältliche Produkte bezugnehmend auf ihre Fettsäurekomposition getestet. METHODEN: Neun kommerziell erhältliche ω-3 PUFA Nahrungsergänzungsmittel wurden mittels kapillärer Gaschromatographie auf ihren Gehalt an langkettigen ω-3 PUFA untersucht. ERGEBNISSE: Die neun von uns getesteten Präparate zeigen hinsichtlich der Konzentration an langkettigen ω-3 PUFA große Unterschiede von bis zu 63,7 ± 1,58 mol % (p = 0,002) und die Meisten scheitern daran, die empfohlene Tagesdosis von einem Gramm zu erzielen, selbst wenn sie in der höchsten vom Hersteller angegebenen Dosierung verabreicht werden. Acht der Präparate enthalten entweder gleiche oder signifikant höhere langkettige ω-3 PUFA Mengen als vom Hersteller angegeben und ein Hersteller macht keine Angabe. Die höchsten Anteile an Eicosapentaensäure (EPA) und Docosahexaensäure (DHA) wurden in Omacor® (95,80 ± 0,63%) und Percucor® (76,8 ± 7,11%) vorgefunden. KONKLUSION: Verabreichung von langkettigen ω-3 Fettsäurepräparaten kann in großen Unterschieden der tatsächlich konsumierten Menge resultieren. Daher ist es empfehlenswert, die am höchsten standardisierten und gereinigten Produkte zu verwenden.
Summary
BACKGROUND: Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (long-chain ω-3 PUFA) have proved to be beneficial in atherosclerosis, arrhythmia and hypertriglyceridemia in several studies, which has led national and international societies to recommend an intake of 1 g/d long-chain ω-3 PUFA for antiatherosclerotic and antiarrhythmic purposes or 2–4 g/d for a lipid lowering effect. Numerous preparations are marketed for supplementing western diet, which is low in long-chain ω-3 PUFA. Since these preparations vary in their long-chain ω-3 PUFA content, we tested nine commercially available products for their fatty acid composition. METHODS: Nine commercially available ω-3 fatty acid supplements were analyzed using capillary gas chromatography to determine their fatty acid content. RESULTS: The nine preparations showed huge differences, up to 63.7 ± 1.58 mol% (P = 0.002), in their longchain ω-3 fatty acid content. Most of them failed to achieve the daily recommended dose of 1 g, even when administered at the highest dosage according to the manufacturer's recommendations. Eight of the preparations contained either equal or significantly greater amounts of long-chain ω-3 PUFA than denoted by the manufacturer; one preparation did not provide any information. The highest percentage of DHA and EPA was detected in Omacor® (95.80 ± 0.63%) and Percucor® (76.8 ± 7.109%). CONCLUSION: Administering long-chain ω-3 fatty acid preparations may result in huge differences in terms of the actual amount ingested. It is therefore advisable to use the most standardized and purified products available.
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Tatarczyk, T., Engl, J., Ciardi, C. et al. Analysis of long-chain ω-3 fatty acid content in fish-oil supplements. Wien Klin Wochenschr 119, 417–422 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00508-007-0820-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00508-007-0820-5