Abstract
Effect of temperature and irradiance on growth and reproduction of Enteromorpha prolifera that bloomed offshore along the Qingdao coast in summer 2008, was studied. It was showed that E. prolifera propagated mainly asexually with specific growth rate (SGR) of 10.47 at 25°C/40 μmol m−2s−1. Under this condition, gametes with two flagellate formed and released in 5 days. At the beginning of the development, the unicell gamete divided into two cells with heteropolarity, and then the apical cell developed into thalli primordial cells, whereas the basal cell developed into rhizoid primordial cells. In 8-day culture, the monoplast gamete developed into juvenile germling of 240 μm in length. Unreleased gametes can develop directly within the alga body. E. prolifera could either reproduce through lateral branching or fragmenting except apomixis revealed by Microscopic observation. On aged tissue of E. prolifera, although the degraded pigments partially remained in faded algal filaments, numerous vegetative cells could still divide actively in the algal tissues.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
Blomster, J., S. Back, P. D. Fewer, M. Kiirikki, A. Lehvo, A. C. Maggs and M. J. Stanhope, 2002. Novel morphology in Enteromorpha (Ulvophyceae) forming green tides. American Journal of Botany 89(11): 1 756–1 763.
Dan, A., M. Ohno and M. Matuoka, 2002. Observations on the effect of salinity and photon fluence rate on the induction of sporulation and rhizoid formation in the green alga Enteromorph. prolifera (Muller) J. Agardh (Chlorophyta, Ulvales). Fish. Sci. 68: 1 182–1 188.
Ding, H. Y., J. H. Ma., X. K. Wang, Z. F. Liang and C. K. Chen, 2006. Apomixis in Enteromorpha linza. Journal of Shanghai Fisheries University 15(4): 493–496.
Dion, P. and S. L. Bozec, 1996. The French Atlantic coasts. In: Schramm. W, P. H. Nienhuis. ed. Marine benthic vegetation: recent changes and the effects of eutrophication. Springer, Berlin, Germany. p. 251–264.
Fletcher, R. L., 1996. The occurrence of “green tides”: a review. In: Schramm. W, P. H. Nienhuis., ed. Marine benthic vegetation: recent changes and the effects of eutrophication. Springer, Berlin, Germany. p. 7–43.
Flindt, M. R., L. Kamp-Nielsen, J. C. Marques, M. A. Pardal, M. Bocci, G. Bendoricchio, J. Solomonsen, S. N. Nielsen and S. E. Jorgensen, 1997. Description of the three shallow estuaries: Mondego River (Portugal), Roskilde Fjord (Denmark) and Lagoon of Venice (Italy). Ecol. Model. 102: 17–31.
Hiraokal, M., M. Ohno, S. Kawaguchi and G. Yoshida, 2004. Crossing test among floating Ulva thalli forming ‘green tide’ in Japan. Hydrobiologia 512: 239–245.
Huang, X. P., L. M. Huang and W. Z. Yue, 2003. The characteristics of nutrients and eutrophications in the Pearl River estuary, South China. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 47: 30–36.
Kammer, K., P. Fong, R. Kennison and K. Schiff, 2004. Nutrient limitation of the macroalga Enteromorpha intestinalis collected along a resource gradient in a highly eutrophic estuary. Estuaries 27: 201–208.
Li, W. X., Z. J. Zhu and F. X. Liu, 1982. Introduction of Algae. Shanghai Science and Technology Press, Shanghai, China. p. 197. (in Chinese).
Lin, A. P., S. D. Shen, J. W. Wang, B. L. Yan, 2008. Reproduction Diversity of Enteromorpha prolifera. Journal of Integrative Plant Biology, 50(5): 622–629.
Liu, D. Y., J. Bai, S. Q. Song, J. Zhang, P. Sun, Y. Li and G. Han, 2007. The impact of sewage discharge on the macroalgae community in the Yellow Sea coastal area around Qingdao, China. Water Air Soil Pollut: Focus 7: 683–692.
Martins, I., M. A. Pardal, A. I. Lilleb and J. C. Marques, 2001. Hydrodynamics as a major factor controlling the occurrence of green macroalgal blooms in a eutrophic estuary: a case study on the influence of precipitation and river management. Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. 52: 165–177.
Naldi, M. and P. Viaroli, 2002. Nitrate uptake and storage in the seaweed Ulva rigida C. Agardh in relation to nitrate availability and thallus nitrate content in a eutrophic coastal lagoon (Saccadi Goro, Po River Delta, Italy) J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 269: 65–83.
Orth, R. J. and K. A. Moore, 1983. Chesapeake Bay: An unpredicted decline in submerged aquatic vegetation. Science 222: 51–53.
Raffaelli, D. G., J. A. Raven and L. J. Poole, 1998. Ecological impact of green macroalgal blooms. Oceanogr. Mar. Biol. Annu. Rev. 36: 97–125.
Sfriso, A. and A. Macromini, 1996. Italy-The lagoon of Venice. In: Schramm, W., P. N. Nienhuis ed. Marine benthic vegetation, ecological studies. Springer Verlag. Berlin. p. 339–368.
Taylor, D. J., S. W. Nixon, S. L. Granger, B. A. Bucley, J. P. McMahon and H. J. Lin, 1995. Response of coastal lagoon plant communities to different forms of nutrient enrichment- a mesocosm experiment. Aquatic Botany 52: 19–34.
Tseng, C. K., 1983. Common Seaweeds of China. Science Press, Beijing, China. p. 254–257.
Twilley, R. R., W. M. Kemp, K. W. Staver, J. C. Stevenson and W. R. Boynton, 1985. Nutrient enrichment of estuarine submersed vascular plant communities: I. Algal growth and effects on production of plants and associated communities. Marine Ecology Progress Series 23: 179–191.
Valiela, I., J. Mccelland, J. Hauxwell, P. J. Behr, D. Hersh and K. Foreman, 1997. Macroalgal blooms in shallow estuaries: controls and ecophysiological and ecosystem consequences. Limnology and Oceanography 42: 1 105–1 118.
Wang, J. W., B. L. Yan, A. P. Lin, J. P. Hu and S. S. Dong, 2007. Ecological factor research on the growth and induction of spores release in Enteromorpha prolifera (Chlorophyta). Marine Science Bulletin 26(2): 60–64.
Wu, H. X. and A. G. Xu, 2000. Preliminary experimental study on Enteromorpha prolifera. Journal of Zhejiang Ocean University (Natural Science Edition), 19(3): 230–234.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Supported by the National Key Technology Support Program, Qingdao Sci & Tech Bureau and National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (No.2006AA09Z21)
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Fu, G., Yao, J., Liu, F. et al. Effect of temperature and irradiance on the growth and reproduction of Enteromorpha prolifera J. Ag. (Chlorophycophyta, Chlorophyceae). Chin. J. Ocean. Limnol. 26, 357–362 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00343-008-0357-0
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00343-008-0357-0