2
α, where Z is the number of cooperatively acting electrons, which leads to anomalously strong coupling between radiation and matter.
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Received: 13 October 1997
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Marowsky, G., Rhodes, C. Energetic electronic ensembles: new rules for the interaction of radiation with matter . Appl Phys B 66, 475–478 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1007/s003400050422
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s003400050422