Abstract
We present the crystal growth of monoclinic KGd(WO4)2 codoped with holmium and thulium by a top-seeded solution growth and slow cooling method. Macrodefect-free crystals with sizes about 8.5×5×12 (\(a^{\ast}\times{b}\times{c}\), dimensions in mm) were obtained. A complete study of the spectroscopic parameters of the holmium emission \({}<Superscript>5</Superscript>I_7\to{}<Superscript>5</Superscript>I_8\), around 2 microns, sensitized by the thulium ion, was made. Polarized absorption measurements were performed to characterize the optimum pumping wavelength in the system. The maximum value of the cross section is 8.0×1020 cm2 with E//N p direction at a wavelength value of 794 nm. The emission cross section of the 2-micron holmium transition has been calculated by the reciprocity method. The experimental lifetime of the 5 I 7 level has been measured in relation to holmium and thulium concentrations.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
G.M. Hale, M.R. Querry, Appl. Opt. 12, 555 (1973)
G.R. Osche, D.S. Young, Proc. IEEE 84, 103 (1996)
A. Braud, S. Girard, J.L. Doualan, R. Moncorge, IEEE J. Quantum Electron. QE-31, 1880 (1995)
R.C. Stoneman, L. Esterowitz, Opt. Lett. 17, 736 (1992)
T.Y. Fan, G. Huber, R.L. Byer, P. Mitzscherlich, IEEE J. Quantum Electron. QE-24, 924 (1988)
A.A. Kaminskii, L. Li, A.V. Butashin, V.S. Mironov, A.A. Pavlyuk, S.N. Bagayev, K. Ueda, Japan. J. Appl. Phys. 36, L109 (1997)
A.A. Kaminskii, A.A. Pavlyuk, P.V. Klevtsov, I.F. Balashov, V.A. Berenberg, S.E. Sarkisov, V.A. Fedorov, M.V. Petrov, V.V. Lyubchenko, Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR Neorgan. Mater. 13, 582 (1977)
A.A. Kaminskii, A.A. Pavlyuk, Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR Neorgan. Mater. 13, 1541 (1977)
N.P. Barnes, E.D. Filer, C.A. Morrison, C.J. Lee, IEEE J. Quantum Electron. QE-32, 92 (1996)
C. Svelto, S. Taccheo, M. Marano, G. Sorbello, P. Laporta, Electron. Lett. 36, 1623 (2000)
D.L. Dexter, J. Chem. Phys. 21, 836 (1953)
T. Förster, Faraday Discuss. 27, 7 (1959)
M. Inokuti, F. Hirayama, J. Chem. Phys. 43, 1978 (1965)
T. Miyakawa, D.L. Dexter, Phys. Rev. B 1, 2961 (1970)
M. Yokota, O. Tanimoto, J. Phys. Soc. Japan 22, 779 (1967)
A.I. Burshtein, Sov. Phys. JETP 35, 882 (1972)
S.A. Payne, L.K. Smith, W.L. Kway, J.B. Tassano, W.F. Krupke, J. Phys. C: Condens. Matter 4, 8525 (1992)
N.P. Barnes, E.D. Filer, C.A. Morrison, C.J. Lee, IEEE J. Quantum Electron. QE-32, 92 (1996)
B.M. Walsh, N.P. Barnes, B.D. Bartolo, J. Luminesc. 90, 39 (2000)
B.M. Walsh, N.P. Barnes, B.D. Bartolo, J. Luminesc. 75, 89 (1997)
X. Mateos, V. Petrov, M. Aguiló, R.M. Solé, J. Gavaldà, J. Massons, F. Díaz, U. Griebner, IEEE J. Quantum Electron. QE-40, 1056 (2004)
X. Mateos, V. Petrov, J. Liu, M.C. Pujol, U. Griebner, M. Aguiló, F. Díaz, M. Galan, G. Viera, IEEE J. Quantum Electron. QE-42, 1008 (2006)
M.C. Pujol, J. Massons, M. Aguiló, F. Díaz, M. Rico, C. Zaldo, IEEE J. Quantum Electron. QE-38, 93 (2002)
F. Güell, J. Gavalda, R. Sole, M. Aguilo, F. Diaz, M. Galan, J. Massons, J. Appl. Phys. 95, 919 (2004)
S.N. Bagaev, S.M. Vatnik, A.P. Maiorov, A.A. Pavlyuk, D.V. Plakushchev, J. Quantum Electron. QE-30, 310 (2000)
R. Solé, V. Nikolov, X. Ruiz, J. Gavaldà, X. Solans, M. Aguiló, F. Díaz, J. Cryst. Growth 169, 600 (1996)
M.C. Pujol, R. Solé, J. Gavaldà, J. Massons, M. Aguiló, F. Díaz, J. Mater. Res. 14, 3739 (1999)
M.C. Pujol, M. Rico, C. Zaldo, R. Solé, V. Nikolov, X. Solans, M. Aguiló, F. Díaz, Appl. Phys. B 68, 187 (1999)
M.C. Pujol, M. Aguiló, F. Díaz, C. Zaldo, Opt. Mater. 13, 33 (1999)
M.C. Pujol, R. Solé, J. Massons, J. Gavaldà, X. Solans, C. Zaldo, F. Díaz, M. Aguiló, J. Appl. Crystallogr. 34, 1 (2001)
M.C. Pujol, X. Mateos, A. Aznar, X. Solans, S. Surinac, J. Massons, F. Díaz, M. Aguiló, J. Appl. Crystallogr. 39, 230 (2006)
V. Petrov, F. Güell, J. Massons, J. Gavaldà, R.M. Sole, M. Aguilo, F. Díaz, U. Griebner, IEEE J. Quantum Electron. QE-40, 1244 (2004)
M.J. Weber, Phys. Rev. 4, 9 (1971)
M.C. Pujol, C. Cascales, M. Rico, J. Massons, F. Díaz, P. Porcher, C. Zaldo, J. Alloys Compd. 323–324, 321 (2001)
F. Güell, X. Mateos, J. Gavaldà, R. Solé, M. Aguiló, F. Díaz, M. Galan, J. Massons, Opt. Mater. 25, 71 (2004)
L. Macalik, J. Hanuza, A.A. Kaminskii, J. Raman Spectrosc. 33, 92 (2002)
L. Macalik, P.J. Deren, J. Hanuza, W. Strek, A.A. Demidovich, A.N. Kuzmin, J. Mol. Struct. 450, 179 (1998)
A.A. Demidovich, A.N. Kuzmin, N.K. Nikeenko, A.N. Titovc, M. Mondd, S. Kueckd, J. Alloys Compd. 341, 124 (2002)
F. Güell, J. Gavalda, R. Sole, M. Aguiló, F. Diaz, M. Galan, J. Massons, J. Appl. Phys. 95, 919 (2004)
D.S. Sumida, T.Y. Fan, Opt. Lett. 19, 1343 (1994)
M.P. Hehlen, J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 14, 1312 (1997)
S.A. Payne, L.L. Chase, L.K. Smith, W.L. Kway, W.F. Krupke, IEEE J. Quantum Electron. QE-28, 2619 (1992)
M.K. Ashurov, Y.K. Voronko, E.V. Zharikov, A.A. Kaminskii, V.V. Osiko, A.A. Sobol, M.I. Timoshechkin, V.A. Federov, A.A. Shabaltai, Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR 15, 979 (1979)
Y. Yang, J.A. DeLuca, Appl. Phys. Lett. 31, 594 (1977)
N. Karayianis, D.E. Wortmann, H.P. Jenssen, J. Phys. Chem. Solids 37, 675 (1976)
F. Johnson, H.J. Guggenheim, IEEE J. Quantum Electron. QE-10, 442 (1974)
M. Bass, L.G. DeShazer, U. Ranon, Res. Dev. Tech. Rep. 74, 104 (1974)
W. Ryba-Romanowski, Cryst. Res. Technol. 38, 225 (2003)
Y.K. Kuo, M. Birnbaum, Appl. Opt. 35, 881 (1996)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
PACS
81.10.-h; 42.55.Rz; 78.55.-m
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Silvestre, O., Pujol, M., Güell, F. et al. Crystal growth and spectroscopic analysis of codoped (Ho,Tm):KGd(WO 4 ) 2 . Appl. Phys. B 87, 111–117 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00340-006-2493-6
Received:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00340-006-2493-6