Abstract
Femtosecond laser-induced structural changes in LiNbO3 are studied. Depending on the laser processing parameters two different types of modification are identified and their origin is discussed. Both types of modification can be described within the framework of induced lattice defects. For strong material damage a refractive index increase can be obtained due to the induced stress field. By appropriate tailoring of this stress field thermally stable and highly symmetric waveguides can be obtained well suited for nonlinear integrated-optical applications.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
Y.N. Korkishko, V.A. Fedorov, Ion Exchange in Single Crystals for Integrated Optics and Optoelectronics, 1st edn. (Cambridge International Science Publishing, 1999)
K.M. Davis, K. Miura, N. Sugimoto, K. Hirao, Opt. Lett. 21, 1729 (1996)
S. Nolte, M. Will, J. Burghoff, A. Tünnermann, Appl. Phys. A 77, 109 (2003)
L. Gui, B. Xu, T.C. Chong, IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 16, 1337 (2004)
R.R. Thomson, S. Campbell, I.J. Blewett, A.K. Kar, D.T. Reid, Appl. Phys. Lett. 88, 111109 (2006)
J. Burghoff, C. Grebing, S. Nolte, A. Tünnermann, Appl. Surf. Sci. (2007) DOI: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2007.02.148
A.H. Nejadmalayeri, P.R. Herman, Opt. Lett. 31, 2987 (2006)
J. Burghoff, H. Hartung, S. Nolte, A. Tünnermann, Appl. Phys. A 86, 165 (2007)
T. Gorelik, M. Will, S. Nolte, A. Tünnermann, U. Glatzel, Appl. Phys. A 76, 309 (2003)
V. Apostolopoulos, L. Laversenne, T. Colomb, C. Depeursinge, R.P. Salathé, M. Pollnau, R. Osellame, G. Cerullo, P. Laporta, Appl. Phys. Lett. 85, 1122 (2004)
A.H. Nejadmalayeri, P.R. Herman, J. Burghoff, M. Will, S. Nolte, A. Tünnermann, Opt. Lett. 30, 964 (2005)
K. Buse, Appl. Phys. B 64, 273 (1997)
F.S. Chen, J. Appl. Phys. 40, 3389 (1969)
O. Beyer, I. Breunig, F. Kalkum, K. Buse, Appl. Phys. Lett. 88, 051120 (2006)
Y.N. Korkishko, V.A. Fedorov, J. Appl. Phys. 82, 1010 (1997)
U. Schlarb, K. Betzler, Phys. Rev. B 48, 15613 (1993)
S. Mailis, C. Riziotis, I.T. Wellington, P.G.R. Smith, C.B.E. Gawith, R.W. Eason, Opt. Lett. 28, 1433 (2003)
A. Muir, G. Daniell, C. Please, I. Wellington, S. Mailis, R. Eason, Appl. Phys. A 83, 389 (2006)
D. Bäuerle, Laser Processing and Chemistry (Springer, Berlin, 1996)
P.D. Townsend, P.J. Chandler, L. Zhang, Optical Effects of Ion Implantation (Cambridge University Press, 1994)
J. Rams, J. Olivares, P.J. Chandler, P.D. Townsend, J. Appl. Phys. 87, 3199 (2000)
J. Rams, J. Olivares, P.J. Chandler, P.D. Townsend, J. Appl. Phys. 84, 5180 (1998)
R.S. Weis, T.K. Gaylord, Appl. Phys. A 37, 191 (1985)
S.H. Wemple, M. DiDomenico Jr., I. Camlibel, Appl. Phys. Lett. 12, 209 (1968)
K. Sugii, M. Fukuma, H. Iwasaki, J. Mater. Sci. 13, 523 (1978)
C. Gerthsen, Physik, 8th edn. (Springer, Berlin, 1964)
V.V. Atuchin, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. B 168, 498 (2000)
H. Hu, F. Lu, F. Chen, B.-R. Shi, K.-M. Wang, D.-Y. Shen, Appl. Opt. 40, 3759 (2001)
H. Åhlfeldt, J. Webjörn, P.A. Thomas, S.J. Teat, J. Appl. Phys. 77, 4467 (1995)
M. DiDomenico Jr., S.H. Wemple, J. Appl. Phys. 40, 720 (1969)
M. Will, J. Burghoff, S. Nolte, A. Tünnermann, F. Wunderlich, K. Goetz, Proc. SPIE 5714, 261 (2005)
COMSOL 3.2, http://www.comsol.com
J.F. Nye, Physical Properties of Crystals (Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1985)
S. Nolte, J. Burghoff, M. Will, A. Tünnermann, Proc. SPIE 5340, 164 (2004)
J. Burghoff, C. Grebing, S. Nolte, A. Tünnermann, Appl. Phys. Lett. 89, 081108 (2006)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
PACS
61.80.Ba; 77.84.Dy; 42.65.Re; 42.82.Et
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Burghoff, J., Nolte, S. & Tünnermann, A. Origins of waveguiding in femtosecond laser-structured LiNbO3 . Appl. Phys. A 89, 127–132 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-007-4152-0
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-007-4152-0