Abstract
Hypothesis-error (or “HE”) plots, introduced by Friendly (J Stat Softw 17(6):1–42, 2006a; J Comput Graph Stat 16:421–444, 2006b), permit the visualization of hypothesis tests in multivariate linear models by representing hypothesis and error matrices of sums of squares and cross-products as ellipses. This paper describes the implementation of these methods in the heplots package for R, as well as their extension, for example from two to three dimensions and by scaling hypothesis ellipses and ellipsoids in a natural manner relative to error.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
Dempster AP (1969) Elements of continuous multivariate analysis. Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA
Friendly M, Kwan E (2003) Effect ordering for data displays. Computational Statistics and Data Analysis 43: 509–539
Friendly M (2006a) Data ellipses, HE plots and reduced-rank displays for multivariate linar models: SAS software and examples. J Stat Softw 17(6): 1–42
Friendly M (2006b) HE plots for multivariate general linear models. J Comput Graph Stat 16: 421–444
Hand D, Daly F, Lunn AD, McConway KJ, Ostrowski E (1994) A Handbook of Small Data Sets. Chapman and Hall, London
Johnson RA, Wichern DW (1992) Applied multivariate statistical analysis, 3rd edn. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs
Monette G (1990) Geometry of multiple regression and interactive 3-D graphics. In: Fox J, Long JS (eds) Modern methods of data analysis. Sage, Beverly Hills, pp 209–256
Timm NH (1975) Multivariate analysis with applications in education and psychology. Wadsworth (Brooks/Cole), Belmont
Tubb A, Parker A, Nickless G (1980) The analysis of Romano-British pottery by atomoic absorbtion spectrophotometry. Archaeometry 22: 153–171
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
This is a paper for the proceedings of the Directions in Statistical Computing conference.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Fox, J., Friendly, M. & Monette, G. Visualizing hypothesis tests in multivariate linear models: the heplots package for R. Comput Stat 24, 233–246 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00180-008-0120-1
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00180-008-0120-1