Abstract
Pulsed ultrasonic wave is employed to interfere the GMAW process, and the new method is named as pulsed ultrasonic wave-assisted GMAW (PU-GMAW). A controllable periodic ultrasonic resonant field has been established in the arc space, and the periodic ultrasonic radiation force was used to improve the arc energy density and to promote the droplet transfer. It was found that compared with GMAW, under the action of 6 Hz pulsed ultrasound, the arc shape was changed to conical shape, and the arc length was compressed to 53%. The diameter of the droplet decreased from 1.83 mm of GMAW to 1.3 mm of 6 Hz PU-GMAW, and the droplet diameter reduced 29%. The retaining time of the droplet at the end of the wire decreased and the flying velocity increased obviously, which induced the transition frequency of 6 Hz PU-GMAW reach to 285 Hz and that is two times of conventional GMAW. The pulsed ultrasound also has deep influence on the weld formation. The aspect ratio of the welding seam increases from 0.19 (GMAW) to 0.27 (6 Hz PU-GMAW), and the increasing rate is up to 37%. It has been ascribed that under the action of the ultrasound, the arc energy density increased and the heat is easily to be transferred to the bottom of the molten pool.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
Kim YS, Eager TW (1993) Analysis of metal transfer in gas metal arc welding. Weld J 72:1143–1152
Liao MT, Chen WJ (1999) A comparison of gas metal arc welding with flux-cored wires and solid wires using shielding gas. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 15(1):49–53. https://doi.org/10.1007/s001700050038
Xie WF, Fan CL, Yang CL, Lin SB (2016) Effect of acoustic field parameters on arc acoustic binding during ultrasonic wave-assisted arc welding. Ultrason Sonochem 29:476–484. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2015.11.001
Anon (1976) Classification of metal transfer. IIW Document XII:636
Tipi ARD, Sani SKH, Pariz N (2015) Improving the dynamic metal transfer model of gas metal arc welding process. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 76(1–4):657–668. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-014-6307-4
Simpson SW (2009) Metal transfer instability in gas metal arc welding. Sci Technol Weld Join 14(4):262–273. https://doi.org/10.1179/136217109X406901
Haidar J (1999) An analysis of the formation of metal droplets in arc welding. J Phys D Appl Phys 31(10):1233
Gao Z, Jiang P, Wang C, Wang C, Shao X, Pang S, Zhou Q, Li X, Wang Y (2016) Study on droplet transfer and weld quality in laser-MIG hybrid welding of 316L stainless steel. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 88(1–4):1–11
Campana G, Fortunato A, Ascari A, Tani G, Tomesani L (2007) The influence of arc transfer mode in hybrid laser-mig welding. J Mater Process Technol 191(1):111–113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2007.03.001
Huang Y, Zhang YM (2010) Laser-enhanced GMAW. Weld J 89(9):22–27
Kang YH, Na SJ (2003) Characteristics of welding and arc signal in narrow groove gas metal arc welding using electromagnetic arc oscillation. Weld J 82(5):93s–99s
Zhang X, Zhao Z, Mi G, Wang C, Li R (2017) Effect of external longitudinal magnetic field on arc plasma characteristics and droplet transfer during laser-MIG hybrid welding. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 13:1–11
Pickin CG, Young K (2006) Evaluation of cold metal transfer (cmt) process for welding aluminium alloy. Sci Technol Weld Join 11(5):583–585. https://doi.org/10.1179/174329306X120886
Fan YY, Yang CL, Lin SB, Liu WG (2012) Ultrasonic wave assisted GMAW. Weld J 91(3):91s–99s
Fan CL, Xie WF, Yang CL, Kou Y (2014) Characteristics of welding arc during ultrasound-MIG hybrid welding of aluminum alloy. Trans China Weld Inst 35(001):5–8
Fan CL, Yang CL, Lin SB, Fan YY (2013) Arc characteristics of ultrasonic wave-assisted GMAW. Weld J 92(6):375s–380s
Acknowledgements
This work was supported by the “The Natural Science Foundation of China (51675130).”
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Fan, C., Zhou, L., Liu, Z. et al. Arc character and droplet transfer of pulsed ultrasonic wave-assisted GMAW. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 95, 2219–2226 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-017-1414-7
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-017-1414-7