Abstract
The influence of pulse parameters of pulse current gas metal arc welding (P-GMAW) on thermal behavior of weld has been studied considering summarized influence of pulse parameters defined by a dimensionless factor ϕ = [(I b/I p)f. t b], mean current (I m), and heat input (Ω) during weld bead deposition on high-strength low-alloy steel plate using low-alloy steel filler wire. The thermal behavior of the weld has been estimated with the help of appropriate expressions. The validity of those estimations has been confirmed by comparing them with measured values and found that they are well in agreement to each other with a deviation lying in the range of 7 to 8 %. It is observed that variation in thermal characteristics of weld is maintaining good correlation with ϕ, I m, and Ω of the welding process. The thermal characteristics of the weld are correlated to microstructure.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
Ghosh PK, Devakumaran K, Pramanick AK (2010) Effect of pulse current on shrinkage stress and distortion in multipass GMA welds of different groove sizes. Weld J 89(3):43-s–53-s
Ghosh PK, Devakumaran K, Bhaskarjyoti S (2009) Arc efficiency in pulsed current gas metal arc welding of ferrous and non-ferrous metals. Australas Weld J 54:38–48
Praveen P, Yarlagadda PK, Kang MJ (2005) Advancements in pulse gas metal arc welding. J Mater Process Technol 164–165:1113–1119. doi:10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2005.02.100
Quintino L, Alllum CJ (1984) Pulsed GMAW: interactions between process parameters, part I. Weld Met Fabr 16(4):126–129
Devkumaran K, Ghosh PK (2009) Thermal characteristics of weld and HAZ during pulse current gas metal arc weld bead deposition on HSLA steel plate. Mater Manuf Process Tailor Francis 25(07):616–630. doi:10.1080/10426910903229347
Kulkarni SG (2008) Narrow gap pulse current gas metal arc welding of thick wall 304LN stainless steel pipe. Thesis, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, India, pp.1-276
Ghosh PK, Dorn L, Goecke SF (2001) Universality of co-relationships among pulse parameters for different MIG welding power sources. Int J Join Mater 13(2):40–47
Ghosh PK, Dorn L, Devakumaran K, Hofmann F (2009) Pulsed current gas metal arc welding under different shielding and pulse parameters; part-1: arc characteristics. ISIJ Int 49(2):251–260. doi:10.2355/isijinternational.49.251
Ghosh PK, Dorn L, Devakumaran K, Hofmann F (2009) Pulsed current gas metal arc welding under different shielding and pulse parameters; part-2: behaviour of metal transfer. ISIJ Int 49(2):261–269. doi:10.2355/isijinternational.49.261
Goyal VK, Ghosh PK, Saini JS (2007) Process controlled microstructure and cast morphology of dendrite in pulsed current gas metal arc weld deposits of aluminium and Al-Mg alloy. Metall Mater Trans A 38(8):1794–1805. doi:10.1007/s11661-007-9217-3
Ghosh PK, Kulkarni SG, Kumar M, Dhiman HK (2007) Pulsed current GMAW for superior weld quality of austenitic stainless steel sheet. ISIJ Int 47(1):138–145. doi:10.2355/isijinternational.47.138
Joseph A, Farson D, Harwig D, Richardson R (2005) Influence of GMAW-P current waveforms on heat input and weld bead shape. Sci Technol Weld Join 10(3):311–318. doi:10.1179/174329305X40624
Murugan N, Parmar RS (1994) Effect of MIG process parameters on the geometry of the bead in the automatic surfacing of stainless steel. J Mater Process Technol 41:381–398. doi:10.1016/0924-0136(94)90003-5
Robert W, Jr M (1999) Principles of welding. Wiley, New York, pp 1–662
Goyal VK, Ghosh PK, Saini JS (2008) Analytical studies on thermal behavior and geometry of weld pool in pulsed current gas metal arc welding. J Mater Process Technol 209:1318–1336. doi:10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2008.03.035
Lancaster JF (1999) Metallurgy of welding. Abington, Cambridge CBI 6AH England, pp 1–446
Roshanthal D, Cambridge M (1946) The theory of moving sources of heat and its application to metal treatments. Trans ASME 68:849–865
Radaij D (1992) Heat effects on welding. Springer, New York, pp 1–348
Agrawal BP, Ghosh PK (2010) Thermal modeling of multi pass narrow gap pulse current GMA welding by single seam per layer deposition techniques. Mater Manuf Process 25(11):1251–1268. doi:10.1080/10426914.2010.489593
Ghosh PK, Goyal VK, Dhiman HK, Kumar M (2006) Thermal and metal transfer behaviour in pulsed current GMA weld deposition of Al-Mg alloy. Sci Technol Weld Join 11(2):232–242. doi:10.1179/174329306X89251
Joseph A, Harwig D, Farson DF, Richardson R (2003) Measurement and calculation of arc power and heat transfer efficiency in pulsed gas metal arc welding. Sci Technol Weld Join 8(6):400–406. doi:10.1179/136217103225005642
Nguyen NT, Ohta A, Matsuoka K, Suzuki N, Maeda Y (1999) Analytical solution for transient temperature of semi-infinite body subjected to 3-D moving heat source. Weld J 78(8):265-s–274-s
Nguyen NT, Mai YW, Simpson S, Ohta A (2004) Analytical approximate solution for the double ellipsoidal heat source in finite thick plate. Weld J 83(3):82s–93s
Goyal VK, Ghosh PK, Saini JS (2008) Influence of pulse parameters on characteristics of bead on plate weld deposits of aluminium and its alloy in the pulsed gas metal arc welding processes. Metall Mater Trans A 39A:3260–3275. doi:10.1007/s11661-008-9637-8
Abbaschian R, Abaschian L, Reed Hill R (2009) Physical metallurgy principles, 4th edn. Cengage Learning, Stamford, CT, pp 178–180
Moon DW, Fonda RW, Spanos G (2000) Micro hardness variation in HSLA 100 steel welds fabricated with new ultra low carbon weld consumables. Weld J 278s–285s, doi: 10.1007/s 11661-001-0179-6
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Agrawal, B.P., Ghosh, P.K. Influence of thermal characteristics on microstructure of pulse current GMA weld bead of HSLA steel. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 77, 1681–1701 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-014-6450-y
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-014-6450-y