Abstract
Selective laser melting (SLM) is a successful tool-free powder additive technology. The success of this manufacturing process results from the possibility to create complex shape parts, with intrinsic engineered features and good mechanical properties. Joining SLM steel to similar or dissimilar steel can overcome some limitations of the product design like small dimension, undercut profile, and residual stress concentration. In this way, the range of applications of the SLM process can be broadened. In this paper, the hybrid laser welding of selective laser molten stainless steel was investigated. A high-power fiber laser was coupled to an electric arc and austenitic stainless steel wrought and SLM parts were welded together. The power and speed parameters were investigated. The joints were analyzed in terms of weld bead profile, microstructure, microhardness, and tensile test. The efficiency of the welding process was evaluated through the line energy input versus the weld molten area.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
Campanelli SL, Contuzzi N, Angelastro A, Ludovico AD (2010). In: Meng Joo Er (ed) New trends in technologies: devices, computer, communication and industrial systems, Sciyo, Rijeka, pp. 233–252
Liu S, Zhang H, Jiandong H, Shi Y (2013) Microstructure of laser-MAG hybrid welds of sintered P/M steel. J Mater Eng Perform 22:251–257
Correa EO, Costa SC, Santos JN (2008) Weldability of iron-based powder metal materials using pulsed plasma arc welding process. J Mat Pro Tech 198:323–329
Quintino L, Costa A, Miranda R, Yapp D, Kumar V, Kong CJ (2007) Welding with high power fiber lasers—a preliminary study. Mater Des 28:1231–1237
Mahrle A, Beyer E (2006) Hybrid laser beam welding—classification, characteristics, and applications. J Laser Appl 18(3):169–180
Cao X, Wanjara P, Huang J, Munro C, Nolting A (2011) Hybrid fiber laser—arc welding of thick section high strength low alloy steel. Mater Des 32:3399–3413
Casalino G, Lobifaro F (2005) Process parameters effects on Al–Mg alloys MIG-laser CO2 welding. Proceedings of ICALEO 2005. Miami, USA, pp. 1062–1068
Cui L, Kutusna M, Simizu T, Horio K (2009) Fiber laser-GMA hybrid welding of commercially pure titanium. Mater Des 30(1):109–114
Casalino G, Rella C (2005) MIG-laser combined welding of aluminum alloy to 304 stainless steel. Proceedings of ICALEO 2005. Orlando, USA, pp. 287–292
Asai S, Ogawa T, Ishizaki Y, Minemura T, Minami H, Miyazaki S (2012) Application of plasma MIG hybrid welding to dissimilar joints between copper and steel. Weld World 56(1–2):37–42
Le Guen E, Fabbro R, Carin M, Coste F, Le Masson P (2011) Analysis of hybrid Nd:Yag laser-MAG arc welding processes. Opt Laser Technol 43:1155
Petring D, Fuhrmann C, Wolf N, Poprawe R (2007) Progress in laser-MAG hybrid welding of high-strength steels up to 30 mm thickness. Proceedings of ICALEO 2007. Orlando, USA, pp. 300–307
Kutsuna M, Chen L (2002) Interaction of both plasmas in CO2 laser-MAG hybrid welding of carbon steel. Proceedings of the First International Symposium on High-Power Laser Macroprocessing. Osaka, Japan, pp. 341–346
Li C, Muneharua K, Takao S, Kouji H (2009) Fiber laser-GMA hybrid welding of commercially pure titanium. Mater Des 30:109
Gao M, Zeng X, Hu Q (2007) Effects of gas shielding parameters on weld penetration of CO2 laser-TIG hybrid welding, J Mater Process Tech 184:177–182
Sathiya P, Mishra K, Shanmugarajan B (2012) Effect of shielding gases on microstructure and mechanical properties of super austenitic stainless steel by hybrid welding. Mater Des 33:203–212
El Rayes M, Walz C, Sepold G (2004) The influence of various hybrid welding parameters on bead geometry. Weld J 83(5):147–153s
Arias JL, Romero P, Vandewynckèle A, Vázquez J (2005) Laser-TIG hybrid welding of very thin austenitic stainless steel sheets. Proceedings of ICALEO 2005. Miami, USA, pp. 104–107
Mahrle A, Schnick M, Rose S, Demuth C, Beyer E, Füssel U (2011) Process characteristics of fibre-laser-assisted plasma arc welding. J Phys D App Phys 44
Kruth JP, Froyen L, Van Vaerenbergh J, Mercelis P, Romboutsb M, Lauwers B (2004) Selective laser melting of iron-based powder. J Mater Process Technol 149:616–622
Tolosa I, Garciandía F, Zubiri F, Zapirain F, Esnaola A (2010) A study of mechanical properties of AISI 316 stainless steel processed by “selective laser melting, following different manufacturing strategies”. Int Jour Adv Manuf Technol 51:639–648
Jinhui L, Ruidi L, Wenxian Z, Liding F, Huashan Y (2010) Study on formation of surface and microstructure of stainless steel part produced by selective laser melting. Mater Sci Technol 26(10):1259–1264
Casavola C, Campanelli SL, Pappalettere C (2009) Preliminary investigation on distribution of residual stress generated by the selective laser melting process. J Strain Anal Eng Des 44:93–104
Yan J, Gao M, Zeng X (2010) Study on microstructure and mechanical properties of 304 stainless steel joints by TIG, laser and laser-TIG hybrid welding. Opt Laser Eng 48:512–517
Lancaster JF (1993) Metallurgy of welding, 5th edn. Chapman & Hall, London, p 148
Casalino G, Panella FW (2007) Microstructural analysis of AISI 304 bars welded with high speed pulsed discharges. J Mater Process Technol 191:149–152
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Casalino, G., Campanelli, S.L. & Ludovico, A.D. Laser-arc hybrid welding of wrought to selective laser molten stainless steel. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 68, 209–216 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-012-4721-z
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-012-4721-z