Abstract
AIM: This was to review the literature published, to point out shortcomings and to suggest areas in need of improvement concerning the diagnosis and prevalence of MIH. METHODS: A broad search of the PubMed database was conducted. Relevant papers published in English were identified after a review of their titles, abstracts or full reading of the papers. Papers were selected if the number of children with at least one first permanent molar affected by demarcated opacities could be deciphered. Targeted publications were critically assessed by the author concerning examination criteria, selection and character of the study groups, examiners’ calibration and result presentation. RESULTS: The initial search revealed 414 papers of which 24 met the inclusion criteria. A wide variation in defect prevalence (2.4–40.2 %) was reported. Cross comparison of the results of the various studies were difficult because of use of different indices and criteria, examination variability, methods of recording and different age groups. CONCLUSIONS: Further standardization of study design and methods is needed to make the results comparable.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
Alaluusua S, Alaluusua S, Lukinmaa P-L, et al. Polychloroinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans via mother’s milk cause development defects in child’s teeth. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 1996a; 1: 193–197.
Alaluusua S, Lukinamaa P-L, Koskimies M, et al. Development dental defects associated with long breastfeeding. Eur J Oral Sci 1996b; 104: 439–497.
Arrow P. Prevalence of developmental enamel defects of the permanent molars among school children in Western Australia. Aus Dent J 2008; 53: 250–259.
Balmer RC, Laskey D, Mahoney E, Toumba KJ. Prevalence of enamel defects and MIH in non-fluoridated and fluoridated communities. Eur J Paediatic Dent 2005; 5: 209–212.
Calderara PC, Gerthoux PM, Mocarelli P, et al. The prevalence of Molar Incisor Hypomineralisation (MIH) in a group of Italian school children. Eur J Paed Dent 2005; 6: 79–83.
Clarkson J, O’Mullane D: A modified DDE Index for use in epidemiological studies of enamel defects. J Dent Res 1989; 68: 445–450.
Cho SY, Ki Y, Chu V. Molar incisor hypomineralisation in Hong Kong Chinese children. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2008; 18: 348–352.
Dietrich G, Sperling S, Hetzer G. Molar Incisor Hypomineralisation in a group of children and adolescents living in Dresden (Germany). Eur J Paed Dent 2003; 4: 133–137.
Elfrink ME, Schuller AA, Weerheijm KL, Veerkamp JS. Hypomineralized second primary molars: prevalence data in Dutch 5-year-olds. Caries Res. 2008; 42: 282–285.
FDI Commision on Oral Health, Research and Epidemiology. A review of the development defects of enamel index (DDE Index) Int Dent J 1992; 42: 411–426.
Fleita D, Ali A, Alaluusua S. Molar-incisor hypomineralisation (MIH) in a group of school-aged children in Benghazi, Libya. European Archives of Paediatric Dentistry. 2006: 7; 92–95.
Jasulaityte L, Veerkamp KL, Weerheijm KL. Molar incisor hypomineralisation: review and prevalence data from a study of primary school children in Kaunas (Lithuania). Eur Arch Paed Dent 2007; 8: 87–94.
Jasulaityte L, Weerheijm KL, Veerkamp JS. Prevalence of Molar-Incisor-Hypomineralisation among children participating in the Dutch National Epidemiological Survey (2003). Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2008; 218–223.
Jälevik B, Klingberg G, Barregård L, Norén JG. The prevalence of demarcated opacities in permanent first molars in a group of Swedish children. Acta Odontol Scand 2001; 59: 255–260.
Kemoli A. Prevalence of Molar Incisor Hypominalisation in six to eight year-olds in two rural divisions in Kenya. East African Med J 2008; 85: 514–519.
Koch G, Hallonsten A-L, Ludvigsson N, et al. Epidemiology study of idiopathic enamel hypomineralisation in permanent teeth of Swedish children. Community Dent Oral Epidemiology 1987; 15: 279–285.
Kukleva MP, Petrova SG, Kondeva VK, Nihtyanova TI. Molar incisor hypomineralisation in 7-to-14year old children in Plovdiv, Bulgaria—an epidemiologic study. Folia Med (Plovdiv) 2008; 50: 71–75.
Kuscu OO, Caglar E, Sandalli N. The prevalence and aetiology of molar-incisor hypomineralisation in a group of children in Istanbul. Eur J Paediatr Dent. 2008; 9: 139–44.
Kuscu OO, Caglar E, Aslan S, et al. The prevalence of molar incisor hypomineralisation (MIH) in a group of children in a highly polluted urban region and a windfarm-green energy island. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2009; 19: 176–185.
Leppäniemi A, Lukinmaa PL, Alaluusua S. Nonluoride hypomineralisations in the first molars and their impact on the treatment need. Caries Res 2001; 35: 36–40.
Lygidakis NA, Dimou G, Briseniou E. Molar-Incisor-Hypomineralisation (MIH). Retrospective clinical study in Greek children. I. Prevalence and defect characteristics. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2008; 200–206.
Muratbegovic A, Marcovic M, Ganibegovic Selmovic M. Molar Incisor Hypomineralisation in Bosnia and Herzegovina: Prevalence, Aetiology and Clinical Consequences in Medium Caries Activity Population. Eur Arch Paed Dent 2007; 8: 189–194.
Preusser SE, Ferring V, Wleklinski WE. Prevalence and severity of molar incisor hypomineralisation in a region of Germany — a brief communication. J Public Health Dent 2007; 67: 148–150.
Sign 50. A guideline developer’s handbook. http://www.sign.ac.uk/pdf/sign50.pdf
Soviero V, Haubek D, Trindade C, Matta TD, Poulsen S. Prevalence and distribution of demarcated opacities and their sequelae in permanent 1st molars and incisors in 7 to 13-year-old Brazilian children. Acta Odontol Scand. 2009; 67: 170–175.
Weerheijm KL, Jälevik B, Alaluusua S. Molar-Incisor Hypomineralisation. Caries Res 2001a; 35: 390–391.
Weerheim KL, Groen HJ, Beentjes VE, Poorterman JH. Prevalence of cheese molars in eleven-year-old Duch children. J Dent Child 2001 b; 68: 259–264.
Weerheijm KL, Mejàre I. Molar incisor hypomineralisation: a questionnaire inventory of its occurence in member countries of the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry (EAPD). IntJ Paediatr Dent 2003a; 13: 411–416.
Weerheijm KL, Duggal M, Mejare I, et al. Judgement criteria for Molar-Incisor-Hypomineralisation (MIH) in epidemiologic studies: a summary of the European meeting on MIH held in Athens, 2003. Eur Archs Paediatr Dent 2003b; 3: 110–113.
Wogelius P Haubek D, Poulsen S. Prevalence and distribution of demarcated opacities in permanent 1st molars and incisors in 6 to 8-years-old Danish children. Acta Odontol Scand 2008; 66: 58–64.
Zagdwon AM, Toumba KJ, Curzon ME. The prevalence of developmental enamel defects in permanent molars in a group of English school children. Eur J Paed Dent 2002; 3: 91–96.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Jälevik, B. Prevalence and Diagnosis of Molar-Incisor-Hypomineralisation (MIH): A systematic review. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 11, 59–64 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03262714
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03262714